Copper – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Abstract

Copper functions as a structural component in many proteins involved in energy and iron metabolism, production of neurotransmitters, formation of connective tissue and endogenous antioxidant defence. Several biochemical indices have been suggested and used to assess copper status, but none of these has been found suitable for the detection of marginal copper deficiency or marginal copper toxicity. Copper imbalances have been linked to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. During the last decade, a number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews have been published shedding light on the association between copper imbalances and some of these pathologies. Most of these meta-analyses are based on case–control studies. All show that blood copper concentrations are higher in cases than in controls, but there is inconclusive evidence to change the recommendations.

Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

“…Based on a Chinese study (Xia et al, 2010), an average daily intake of dietary selenium of about 1.2 µg/kg body weight would be suf icient to achieve an optimal selenium concentration and maximized expression of SelenoP in plasma (Alexander & Olsen, 2023). For more information about the health effects, please refer to the background paper by Christine Henriksen and Erik Kristoffer Arnesen (Henriksen & Arnesen, 2023).…”

“…Copper functions as a structural component in many proteins involved in energy and iron metabolism, production of neurotransmitters, formation of connective tissue, and endogenous antioxidant defence. Copper imbalances and copper de iciency have been linked to the pathogenesis of several chronic in lammatory diseases, but study design precludes conclusions about causality in these associations (Henriksen & Arnesen, 2023). Intake of high doses of copper leads to acute toxicity, which includes symptoms of gastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.…”

“…Intake of high doses of copper leads to acute toxicity, which includes symptoms of gastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. High chronic intakes of copper, for example in drinking water, can lead to gastro-intestinal disorders in children (Henriksen & Arnesen, 2023).…”

De nye nordiske kostrådene bygger på solide systematiske kunnskapsoppsummeringer

“…Det er ikke riktig. I alle kvalifiserte kunnskapsoppsummeringer som inngår i NNR2023, inkluderes lister over originalstudier som inngår, eller hvorfor studier er ekskludert (3).…”

“…Ikke-lineaer dose-respons-modellering viser en relativ risiko for tykktarmskreft (95 % konfidensintervall) på 1,03 (1,02 til 1,05), 1,06 (1,03 til 1,10), 1,10 (1,05 til 1,16) og 1,16 (1,09 til 1,23) for 15, 30, 50 og 100 gram uprosessert rødt kjøtt per dag (7). NNR2023 anbefaler at daglig gjennomsnittlig inntak av uprosessert rødt kjøtt bør vaere maksimalt 50 g per dag (eller 350 g per uke) (3). Årsaken til at anbefalingene ikke er enda lavere, er at uprosessert rødt kjøtt også bidrar med viktige naeringsstoffer i et nordisk kosthold (se diskusjon i NNR2023-rapporten (3)).…”