Elemental sulfur hasb een known since Antiquity and found widespread applications in the preparation of black gunpowder,t he synthesis of sulfuric acid as well as other sulfur-containing compounds,a nd the vulcanization of rubber.O ver the last several years,wehave come to better understand its properties andd iscover more applications of elementals ulfuri ns ynthetic organic chemistry.T his review summarizes the advancesf rom 2000i nt he construction of organic molecules using elemental sulfur via sulfuration, oxidation, reduction and redox condensation processes.