Copper(II)-selective membrane electrodes based on o-xylylene bis(dithiocarbamates) as neutral carriers

Abstract

o-Xylylene bis(diisobuty1-and methyloctadecyl-dithiocarbamate) were synthesised and used as neutral carriers in membrane electrodes t o improve the selectivity for Cu2+. The electrodes based o n these ionophores, with o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticising solvent mediator and potassium tetrakis-(p-chloropheny1)borate as an anion excluder, exhibit a linearity range of 10-1-10-6 M and have a Nernstian slope of 28-29 mV per decade at 25°C. The highly selective electrode based o n o-xylylene bis(diisobuty1dithiocarbamate) rejected the interference of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal cations by a factor in the range l O 2 -l O 4 and showed a high selectivity for Cu2+ even in chloride and bromide media. The properties of the electrodes are discussed and also compared with those of o-xylylene bis(diethy1dithiocarbamate) under similar measurement conditions.

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“…O-xc compound is a good ionophore as it shows a very good selectivity towards copper ion in copper ion sensors as reported by Kamata et al [14], Woznica et al [15], Birinci et al [16], and Kisiel et al [17]. O-xc is a non-cyclic compound, which consists of dithiocarbamate functional group.…”

“…Most of the reported copper ion sensors utilized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane as polymer matrix because of its relatively low cost, high tensile strength, chemical inertness, and plasticizer compatibility [22][23][24]. A conventional copper ion sensor based on ionophore o-xc with PVC membrane was developed by Kamata et al [14]. This sensor showed a Nernstian slope of 29 mV/decade within the linear range from 1.0 × 10 -6 to 1.0 × 10 -1 M, the detection limit of 1.4 × 10 -7 M and good selectivity over a wide variety of interference cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions.…”

Synthesis of 4-amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one-3-thione and its application in construction of a highly copper(II) ion-selective electrochemical sensor

“…Table 4 compared the selectivity coefficients of the Cu(II) sensor with those of the best previously Cu(II) electrodes reported in the literature by other researchers. 8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] As it is obvious, the selectivity coefficients of the electrode for majority of cations, that tested is superior respect with the best previously reported copper sensor.…”

“…1,5 A wide variety of neutral carriers, including small size thia-substituted crown ethers, 6,7 benzo-substituted macrocyclic diamides, 8 anthraquinone derivatives, 9 acyclic neutral ligands with dithiocarbamate groups, 10,11 and with nitrogen atoms, 12 hydroxamate derivatives, 13 aza-thioether crowns, 14 calix [4]arenas, 15 naphthol derivatives, 16 and Schiff's bases, [17][18][19][20][21][22] have been used as carriers in the construction of copper(II) ion selective membrane electrodes. However, most of these copper sensors have problems such as: (i) narrow working concentration range, (ii) high detection limit and (iii) strong interfering effect of cations as follow Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Hg 2+ , Ag 2+ , Sr 2+ , Na + , Cs + and K + .…”

Simultaneous Titration of Ternary Mixtures of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) with Potentiometric Electronic Tongue Detection

“…For building the sensor array, there were used commercial formulation membranes [18][19][20][21][22][23] or others developed in our group [24]. The ion selective electrodes (ISEs) were constructed in asymmetric configuration with a solid electrical contact made from a conductive composite [25,26].…”