Copper immobilized onto polymer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles as recoverable catalyst for ‘click’ reaction

Abstract

Copper supported on polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles was designed and synthesized as a separable heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst was fully characterized using several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. All results showed that copper was successfully supported on the polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Also, results showed that the synthesized material can be used as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of a series of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from corresponding halides, alkynes and sodium azide. The catalyst can be easily isolated from the reaction solution by applying an external magnet and reused for nine runs without any significant loss of catalytic activity.

Recent Advances in Copper-Based Solid Heterogeneous Catalysts for Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions

“…Several polymer-coated MNPs have been designed and used to support the immobilization of copper salts over the last few decades. Valizadeh et al reported that MNPs functionalized with poly(4-vinylpyridine) immobilized copper(II) salts [150]. This material was used as a recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for a one-pot synthesis of 1,4-triazoles from terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azide.…”

A systematic review on silica-, carbon-, and magnetic materials-supported copper species as efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts in “click” reactions

“…A magnetic heterogeneous copper catalyst 149 was designed, and the material was prepared by supporting copper ions by polymer-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 (Scheme 33) [102]. Therein, the 4-vinylpyridine (147) and N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA, 148) were added to the mixture, and this was stirred for 10 min.…”

Azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions in water via recyclable heterogeneous Cu catalysts: reverse phase silica gel and thermoresponsive hydrogels

“…47 Additionally, the use of water as a solvent is a promising approach with regard to green chemistry. 37,38,[48][49][50][51][52] Recently, we developed two types of solid supports. One is an aminopropyl-functionalized reverse phase silica gel, which is end capped with a hydrophobic alkyl group.…”