Copper in Organic Proteinate or Inorganic Sulfate Form is Equally Bioavailable for Broiler Chicks Fed a Conventional Corn–Soybean Meal Diet

Liu, Songbai; Lü, Lin; Li, Sufen; Xie, Jingjing; Zhang, Jintao; Wang, Runlian; Luo, Xugang

doi:10.1007/s12011-012-9329-5

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There were no differences in the weight gain, feed intake, and FCR, and it may show that the levels of dietary Cu were much higher than the requirement. In agreement, Liu et al [17] reported no improvement in growth performance and feed intake in broiler chickens by supplementating 125 or 250 mg/kg copper sulfate, whereas the concentration of Cu in the plasma and liver were linealy increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of hot-melt extruded nano-copper on the Cu bioavailability and growth of broiler chickens

et al. 2021

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This study was aimed to investigate the Cu bioavailability, growth response, digestibility of nutrients, and blood metabolites of broiler chicks fed CuSO 4 in nano or common forms. A total of 720 broiler chickens were distributed between eight treatments according to a completely randomized design. There were 8 treatments and 6 replicates in each treatment with 15 birds/replicate. The treatments were divided into common copper sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (INO) and hot-melt extruded copper sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (HME-Cu). The experiment was operated for 35 days in 2 phases (phase 1, d 0 to 14; and phase 2, d 15 to 35). No significant differences were shown in growth performance, feed intake, FCR, and nutrient digestibility among the treatments. The concentration of Cu in the serum was increased in the HME-Cu broilers compared with the INO broilers at phase 2. A linear increase was observed in the concentration of Cu in the liver in broilers fed INO diets, however, no significant differences were observed by the supplementation of HME-Cu levels. The linear increase was detected in the content of Cu in excreta in the INO and HME-Cu treatments by increasing the dietary Cu content. The HME-Cu treatments showed a lower Cu concentration in the excreta compared with the INO treatments. The higher bioavailability of Cu in HME form can decrease the recommended dose of Cu in broiler diets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of hot-melt extruded nano-copper on the Cu bioavailability and growth of broiler chickens

et al. 2021

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“…Chemical characteristics are considered important in predicting the bioavailabilities of chelated and complexed metals. A series of studies from our laboratory (Li et al, 2004(Li et al, , 2005Huang et al, 2009Huang et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2012a; has shown that the bioavailabilities of organic Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe were closely related to their Q f values. Holwerda et al (1995) classified the organic trace mineral supplements with their Q f into 4 classes, in which the supplements with Q f values less than 10 have a weak chelation strength, those with Q f values between 10 and 100 have a moderate chelation strength, those with Q f values between 100 and 1,000 have a strong chelation strength, and those with Q f values greater than 1,000 have an extremely strong chelation strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical characteristics of organic Fe sources may partially explain the discrepancies in their relative bioavailabilities. A series of studies from our laboratory (Li et al, 2004(Li et al, , 2005Huang et al, 2009Huang et al, , 2013Liu et al, 2012aLiu et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2012) have shown that the relative bioavailabilities of organic Mn, Zn, and Cu for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet were closely related to their chelation strengths (quotient of formation [Q f ] values). The latest study from our laboratory demonstrated that iron proteinate with moderate chelation strength had a higher bioavailability than iron sulfate in enhancing hemoglobin (Hb) and total body Hb Fe of broilers fed a caseindextrose diet.…”

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confidence: 99%

The chemical characteristics of organic iron sources and their relative bioavailabilities for broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet1

Zhang

Lü

Luo

2016

Journal of Animal Science

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Twenty-four organic Fe sources were evaluated by polarographic analysis and via solubility in buffers (pH 5 and 2) and deionized water. Organic Fe sources included 6 Fe-Met complexes (Fe-Met), 10 Fe-Gly complexes, 1 Fe-Lys complex, 4 Fe proteinates, and 3 Fe-AA complexes (Fe-AA). Sources varied considerably in chemical characteristics. Chelation strengths (quotient of formation [Q] values) ranged from weak (Q = 1.08) to extremely strong strength (Q = 8,590). A total of 1,170 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 6 replicate cages (15 chicks/cage) for each of 13 treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 Fe sources × 3 added Fe levels) plus a control with no added Fe. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control; 55.8 mg Fe/kg) and the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, or 60 mg Fe/kg as iron sulfate (FeSO∙7HO); an Fe-Met with weak chelation strength (Fe-Met W; Q = 1.37; 14.7% Fe); an iron proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Fe-Prot M; Q = 43.6; 14.2% Fe); or an iron proteinate with extremely strong chelation strength (Fe-Prot ES; Q = 8,590; 10.2% Fe). The growth performance, Fe concentrations, hematological indices, and activities and gene expressions of 2 Fe-containing enzymes in tissues of broilers at 7, 14, and 21 d of age were determined in the present study. Transferrin saturation in plasma on 14 d; bone Fe on d 7 and 14; liver Fe on d 7, 14, and 21; kidney Fe on d 14; succinate dehydrogenase activities in the liver on d 21 and in the kidney on d 7 and 21; mRNA levels in the kidney and heart on d 14; and mRNA levels in the liver and kidney on d 21 linearly increased ( < 0.05) as added Fe levels increased. However, differences in bioavailabilities among Fe sources were detected ( < 0.05) only for the mRNA levels in the liver and kidney on d 21. Based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regression of mRNA level in the liver or kidney of broilers on d 21 on daily dietary analyzed Fe intake, the bioavailabilities of Fe-Met W, Fe-Prot M, and Fe-Prot ES relative to iron sulfate (100%) were 129 ( = 0.18), 164 ( < 0.003), and 174% ( < 0.001) or 102 ( = 0.95), 143 ( = 0.09), and 174% ( < 0.004), respectively. These results indicated that the relative bioavailabilities of organic Fe sources were closely related to their Q values and organic Fe sources with greater Q values showed higher Fe bioavailabilities.

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“…To test the effect of supplemental Se, data were analysed using single degree of freedom contrast to compare all supplemental Se treatments with the control (Liu et al., ). Data excluding the control were further analysed as a 2 × 3 (source × level) factorial arrangement of treatments by two‐way analysis of variance with a model including the main effects of Se source, Se level and their interaction using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the SPSS 17.0 (Statistical Product and Service Solutions Corp., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different dl‐selenomethionine and sodium selenite levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers

Wang

Zhan

2015

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This trial was conducted in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different dl-selenomethionine (dl-Se-Met) and sodium selenite (SS) levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers. A total of 840 Ross 308 broilers (7 days old) were allocated by body weight to seven treatments (three replicates of 40 birds each treatment) including (1) basal diet (containing 0.04 mg of selenium (Se)/kg; control) without supplementary Se; (2, 3 and 4) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as SS; (5, 6 and 7) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as dl-Se-Met. The experiment lasted 42 days. The results revealed that dietary Se supplementation improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, immune organ index, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and triiodothyronine (T3 ) concentrations and decreased (p < 0.01) thyroxine (T4 )/T3 ratio in serum compared with the control. Broilers receiving the dl-Se-Met-supplemented diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency, thymus index, the amounts of IgA, IgG, IgM and T3 as well as lower (p < 0.05) serum T4 concentrations and T4 /T3 ratio than those consuming the SS-supplemented diets. Serum IgA and IgM levels of broilers fed 0.15 mg Se/kg were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of broilers fed 0.05 or 0.25 mg Se/kg. In summary, we concluded that dl-Se-Met is more effective than SS in increasing immunity and promoting conversion of T4 to T3 , thus providing an effective way to improve the growth performance of broilers. Besides, based on a consideration of all experiment indices, 0.15 mg Se/kg was suggested to be the optimal level of Se supplementation under the conditions of this study.

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Copper in Organic Proteinate or Inorganic Sulfate Form is Equally Bioavailable for Broiler Chicks Fed a Conventional Corn–Soybean Meal Diet

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of hot-melt extruded nano-copper on the Cu bioavailability and growth of broiler chickens

Effects of hot-melt extruded nano-copper on the Cu bioavailability and growth of broiler chickens

The chemical characteristics of organic iron sources and their relative bioavailabilities for broilers fed a conventional corn–soybean meal diet1

Effects of different dl‐selenomethionine and sodium selenite levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers

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