Copper Removal in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Honigfort, Mical E.; Liou, Shingtza; Rademacher, Jude; Malaba, Dennis; Bosanac, Todd; Wilcox, Craig S.; Brittain, William J.

doi:10.1021/bk-2003-0854.ch018

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[143][144][145][146] It was demonstrated that several partially fluorinated compounds, typically used in fluorous biphasic systems, show marked solubility differences in common, nonfluorinated, organic solvents as the temperature changes. 147,148 These compounds could be used as catalysts for certain chemical transformations at high-temperature (homogeneous conditions), and upon completion of the reaction, they could be isolated by simple cooling followed by filtration; no fluorinated solvents were required in the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[22] Several issues, such as toxicity of the ATRP catalyst, handling of the air-sensitive activator species and expensive purification operations, constitute the main current obstacles hindering the development of ATRP at industrial scale. [3] Consequently, in the last years various modifications have been introduced to overcome these issues, such as the improvement of the ATRP catalyst, [23][24][25] the optimization of the ATRP catalyst removal, [26][27][28] and the development of modified ATRP techniques using low catalyst amounts. [29][30][31][32] The most frequently applied modified ATRP techniques for the promotion of the ATRP process toward industrial application are initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP, [29] activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP, [29,30] electrochemically mediated ATRP (eATRP) [31] and supplementary activator and reducing agent (SARA) ATRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Exploration of the Potential of ICAR ATRP for One‐ and Two‐Pot Synthesis of Well‐Defined Diblock Copolymers

Porras

D’hooge

Steenberge

et al. 2013

Macro Reaction Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are performed to investigate the capability of ICAR ATRP for the synthesis of well‐defined poly(isobornyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) block(‐like) copolymers using one‐pot semi‐batch and two‐pot batch procedures. The block copolymer quality is quantified via a block deviation (〈BD〉) value. For 〈BD〉 values lower than 0.30, the quality is defined as good and for well‐chosen polymerization conditions the formation of homopolymer chains upon addition of the second monomer can be suppressed. A better block quality is obtained when isobornyl acrylate is polymerized first. For lower Cu levels a one‐pot semi‐batch procedure allows a much faster ATRP and better control over the polymer properties than a two‐pot batch procedure.

show abstract

“…There are several methods for the removal of copper from a polymerization solution 26. These include passing the solution through a column filled with an absorbent such as silica or alumina,27 stirring with an ion exchange resin,28 precipitation of the polymer into a nonsolvent,29, 30 or the use of a heterogeneous catalyst that is easily isolated after polymerization 31–41. In this report, the effectiveness of several purification methods was investigated for a normal, ARGET, and ICAR ATRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Copper Concentration in Polymers Prepared via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Mueller

Matyjaszewski

2010

Macro Reaction Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three different initiation systems for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): normal ATRP, activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP, and initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP were used to synthesize polystyrene with a number‐average molecular weight ≈20 000 g · mol−1. Each polymerization mixture was divided and subjected to one or more purification methods including passing through a column filled with neutral alumina, stirring with an ion exchange resin (ATRP Pure), or precipitation into hexanes or methanol. Inductively coupled mass spectrometry was used to analyze the concentration of copper in each sample. For the polystyrene prepared by normal ATRP, purification by a neutral alumina column was the most effective at removing copper (down to ≈2 parts per million by mass). For the ARGET and ICAR ATRP, purification by a neutral alumina column and stirring with 10 wt.‐% ATRP Pure gave comparable results (each ≈1 part per million by mass).

show abstract

Copper Removal in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials

“Green” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Process Design to Preparation of Well-Defined Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials

A Theoretical Exploration of the Potential of ICAR ATRP for One‐ and Two‐Pot Synthesis of Well‐Defined Diblock Copolymers

Reducing Copper Concentration in Polymers Prepared via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About