Copper-substituted, lithium rich iron phosphate as cathode material for lithium secondary batteries

Lee, S.B.; Cho, S.H.; Heo, Jaeyeong; Aravindan, Vanchiappan; Kim, H.S.; Lee, Y.S.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.08.144

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The observed impurity phases were consistent with the phases observed in other olivine compounds such as LiFePO 4 . 114,115 The half-cells comprising LiMnPO 4 , Li 1.1 MnPO 4 and Li 1.2 MnPO 4 phases displayed almost the same initial discharge capacity of $124 mA h g À1 at 0.05 C rate between 2 and 4.5 V by CC-CV mode, whereas Li 0.5 MnPO 4 and Li 0.8 MnPO 4 exhibited $75 and 110 mA h g À1 , respectively. Li 1.1 MnPO 4 showed extremely stable performance of $130 mA h g À1 in the 80 th cycle.…”

Section: Precipitation Routementioning

confidence: 95%

LiMnPO4 – A next generation cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2013

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Development of an eco-friendly, low cost and high energy density ($700 W h kg À1 ) LiMnPO 4 cathode material became attractive due to its high operating voltage $4.1 V vs. Li falling within the electrochemical stability window of conventional electrolyte solutions and offers more safety features due to the presence of a strong P-O covalent bond. The vacancy formation energy for LiMnPO 4 was 0.19 eV higher than that for LiFePO 4 , resulting in a 10 À3 times-diluted complex concentration, which represents the main difference between the kinetics in the initial stage of charging of two olivine materials. This review highlights the overview of current research activities on LiMnPO 4 cathodes in both native and substituted forms along with carbon coating synthesized by various synthetic techniques. Further, carbon coated LiMnPO 4 was also prepared by a solid-state approach and the obtained results are compared with previous literature values. The challenges and the need for further research to realize the full performance of LiMnPO 4 cathodes are described in detail.

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Section: Precipitation Routementioning

confidence: 95%

LiMnPO4 – A next generation cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2013

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“…[ 44,137,172 ] Hence, the well-established low-potential (≈3.4 V vs . [177][178][179][180][181][182][183] The loss in operating potential could be compromised by the high reversible capacity of LiFePO 4 (150-160 mAh g −1 ) compared to LiMn 2 O 4 (110-130 mAh g −1 ) in half-cell assemblies. [177][178][179][180][181][182][183] The loss in operating potential could be compromised by the high reversible capacity of LiFePO 4 (150-160 mAh g −1 ) compared to LiMn 2 O 4 (110-130 mAh g −1 ) in half-cell assemblies.…”

Section: Ti 5 O 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li) olivine LiFePO 4 was replaced with spinel phase LiMn 2 O 4 , which tends to decrease the net operating potential of the system from ≈2.5 to ≈1.9 V . The net operating potential is lower, but the olivine phase LiFePO 4 exhibits similar characteristics, such ashigh power capability, cost, safety, and high thermal stability . The loss in operating potential could be compromised by the high reversible capacity of LiFePO 4 (150–160 mAh g −1 ) compared to LiMn 2 O 4 (110–130 mAh g −1 ) in half‐cell assemblies .…”

Section: Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Negative Electrodes for Practical Li‐Ion Batteries: Beyond Carbonaceous Anodes

Aravindan

Lee

Srinivasan

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

442

319

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3 of 43) 1402225 wileyonlinelibrary.comhost matrix is observed and this process is called "topotactic reaction", which is either chemically or thermally reversible; a perfect example is Li-intercalation into a graphite matrix. Such intercalation chemistry has been successfully used in Li-ion batteries for both anode and cathode materials and has also been commercialized (i.e., LiCoO 2 /Li x C 6 and LiFePO 4 /Li x C 6 ). [ 4,5 ] The insertion type materials, i.e., metal oxides have several advantages over graphitic anodes when used in practical cells; these include a negligible amount of ICL, no Li-platting issues, no solvent co-intercalation, no electrolyte decomposition, no SEI required for the safe operation of the cell, it is capable of delivering high power density, and has an easy synthesis protocol. On the other hand, less reversible capacity and higher intercalation potential are the notable setbacks compared to graphite. Although numerous Li-intercalating materials are proposed as possible anodes for LIB applications, few of them have only been tested or commercialized in the "rocking-chair" confi guration, for instance Li 4 Ti 5 O 5 anode. Apart from the mentioned anode, few other insertion type materials have been also evaluated in the rocking-chair confi guration for LIBs. Accordingly, the next section describes the structural and electrochemical performance of various intercalation anodes evaluated in the rocking-chair confi guration. TiO 2The existence of several polymorphs is reported for the case of TiO 2 , but anatase, rutile, brookite, and bronze phases have only been reported for Li-storage. [ 26 ] Reversible insertion of one mole of Li is theoretically possible, independent of the polymorph, with a capacity of ≈335 mAh g −1 . However, variation in the Liinsertion potential and reaction mechanism has been observed for such polymorphs. Easy synthesis protocols, scalability, inexpensiveness, ease of tailoring the desired morphology, and eco-friendliness are other key features for utilizing TiO 2 polymorphs for the construction of Li-ion power packs. [27][28][29] AnataseThe anatase phase is one of the widely investigated polymorphs of TiO 2 for Li-storage. [ 27 ] Theoretically, one mole of Li is possible, but practically only ≈0.5 mole Li is reversible upon cycling. Several research attempts have been carried out to improve the reversible capacity, including utilizing high energy (0 0 1) facets because of their dominant higher surface energy (0.90 J m −2 ) compared to (1 0 0) facets (0.44 J m −2 ) and using thermodynamically more stable (1 0 1) facets (0.53 J m −2 ). [ 30,31 ] Although high Li-reversibility could be achieved for such (0 0 1) facets, capacity fading remains an issue upon cycling. [ 32 ] Li-diffusion co-effi cient ( D Li ) values for anatase phase are in the range of 1 × 10 −17 to 4 × 10 −17 cm 2 s −1 for Li-insertion and extraction processes, respectively. [ 27 ] In the crystal chemistry of the anatase phase, TiO 6 octahedra sharetwo adjacent edges with two other octahedral so that...

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“…The carbon-coated LiFePO 4 materials showed a slightly lower lattice parameter value than the uncoated material due to the absence of impurity phases. Furthermore, the absence of a peak at 2Â = 27 and 41 • indicated the phase purity of the synthesized material without impurities such as Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , FeP, and Fe 2 S [8,13,25,26]. The XRD pattern revealed that carbonization of AA not only provides the carbon coating, but also provides a reducing atmosphere that favors the formation of phase pure LiFePO 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The first is to reduce the grain size of the cathode particles, which would shorten the diffusion path length for both electrons and Li + ions. The second is the use of surface-modified LiFePO 4 with a conductive matrix made of carbon [4][5][6], copper [7,8] and silver [9], or doping with some guest species [10]. Of these methods, surface-modified LiFePO 4 with carbon has proved to be an excellent alternative in the search for improved * Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%