LiMnPO4 – A next generation cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Development of an eco-friendly, low cost and high energy density ($700 W h kg À1 ) LiMnPO 4 cathode material became attractive due to its high operating voltage $4.1 V vs. Li falling within the electrochemical stability window of conventional electrolyte solutions and offers more safety features due to the presence of a strong P-O covalent bond. The vacancy formation energy for LiMnPO 4 was 0.19 eV higher than that for LiFePO 4 , resulting in a 10 À3 times-diluted complex concentration, which represents the main difference between the kinetics in the initial stage of charging of two olivine materials. This review highlights the overview of current research activities on LiMnPO 4 cathodes in both native and substituted forms along with carbon coating synthesized by various synthetic techniques. Further, carbon coated LiMnPO 4 was also prepared by a solid-state approach and the obtained results are compared with previous literature values. The challenges and the need for further research to realize the full performance of LiMnPO 4 cathodes are described in detail.

Carbon‐Coated Li3Nd3W2O12: A High Power and Low‐Voltage Insertion Anode with Exceptional Cycleability for Li‐Ion Batteries

“…The observed energy density is much higher than present Li-ion confi gurations described elsewhere. [ 2,3 ] The full-cell LiMn 2 O 4 /C-Li 3 Nd 3 W 2 O 12 rendered ≈71% of initial reversible capacity at current density of 100 mA g −1 after 100 cycles (Figure 4 c). On the other hand when the current density is increased to 200 mA g −1 , the full-cell retained ≈93 and ≈83% of initial reversible discharge capacity after 100 and 300 cycles, respectively (Figure 4 d).…”

“…[1][2][3] Several research attempts are focussed an LIB applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV) in the near future. [ 4 ] Apart from high energy density, the aforementioned applications require high power capability; unfortunately commercially available LIB confi guration exhibits lack of high power density.…”

Electrochemical Performance of Carbon Coated LiMn2O4Nanoparticles using a New Carbon Source

“…The development of highperformance cathode materials is an important research topic for enhancing the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Recently, manganese-based spinels (LiMn 2 O 4 ) received attention because of their low cost and safety advantages [13][14][15][16]. However, there are still several issues that need to overcome, such as an insufficient rate capability due to low electronic conductivity and an unstable cyclic performance attributed to surface and structural instabilities [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Influence of HDI as a cathode film-forming additive on the performance of LiFe0.2Mn0.8PO4/C cathode

“…[8][9][10] It is possible to replace the widely used lithium iron phosphate due to its higher redox potential, resulting in $15% extra energy density. [11][12][13] Owing to its much lower electronic conductivity compared to that of LiFePO 4 , its particles should be diminished to $100 nm to ensure acceptable performance, 14,15 and a large amount of carbon was utilized to sustain the good electronic transportation. [16][17][18] …”