Copyright 2005 Air &amp; Waste Management Association Size and Composition Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter in Northern California: I—Particulate Mass, Carbon, and Water-Soluble Ions

Herner, Jorn; Aw, Jeremy; Gao, H. Oliver; Chang, Dan; Kleeman, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464600

Cited by 65 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…8a we see that the eastern half has a higher average abundance of PM 2.5 than the western half of the USA with the exception of California (Herner et al, 2005). This is consistent with the overlaid EPA observations shown as colour-filled circles.…”

Section: Key Features By Regionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

et al. 2014

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Abstract. With the increasing awareness of the health impacts of particulate matter, there is a growing need to comprehend the spatial and temporal variations of the global abundance of ground level airborne particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM 2.5). Here we use a suite of remote sensing and meteorological data products together with groundbased observations of particulate matter from 8,329 measurement sites in 55 countries taken 1997-2014 to train a machinelearning algorithm to estimate the daily distributions of PM 2.5 from 1997 to the present. In this first paper of a series, we present the methodology and global average results from this period and demonstrate that the new PM 2.5 data product can reliably represent global observations of PM 2.5 for epidemiological studies.

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Section: Key Features By Regionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

et al. 2014

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“…OC measurements were multiplied by 1.4 to obtain estimates of organic mass comparable to modeled OM Turpin and Lim 2001). Observations from two Intensive Operating Periods (IOPs) within a three-week stagnation event (Herner et al 2005) are considered here for evaluating modeled mass size distributions: IOP1 during December 15-18, 2000and IOP3 during January 4-7, 2001. Herner et al (2005 provide details on the size-composition distribution measurements at Bodega Bay, Sacramento, Davis, Modesto, Bakersfield, and Sequoia.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulated particle mass size distributions were evaluated using observations of size-composition distributions reported elsewhere (Chow et al 2008;Herner et al 2005) for eight sites in California ( Figure 1): Bodega Bay, Sacramento, Davis, Modesto, Fresno, Angiola, Bakersfield, and Sequoia. These observations, based on Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) samples, included the following particle components: sulfate (SO 2− 4 ), ammonium (NH…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as part of the California Regional PM 10 /PM 2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS; Watson et al 1998), numerous measurements of size-segregated PM composition (i.e., size-composition distributions) were made in and at the boundaries of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California between December 2000 and February 2001 (Chow et al 2008;Herner et al 2005). Herner et al (2005) noted that this study appears to represent the largest measurement of size-composition distributions using cascade impactors outside of Los Angeles. Size-resolved observations of particle number concentration are also available from this study (Watson et al 2002;Herner et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating Particle Size Distributions over California and Impact on Lung Deposition Fraction

Kelly

Avise

Cai

et al. 2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Reliable simulations of particle mass size distributions by regional photochemical air quality models are needed in regulatory applications because the U.S. EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standards specify limits on the mass concentration of particles in a specific size range (i.e., aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm). Considering the associations between adverse health effects and exposure to ultrafine particles, air quality models may need to accurately simulate particle number size distributions in addition to mass size distributions in future applications. In this study, predictions of particle number and mass size distributions by the Community Multiscale Air Quality model with the standard and an updated emission size distribution are evaluated using wintertime observations in California. Differences in modeled lung deposition fraction for simulated and observed particle number size distributions are also evaluated. Simulated mass size distributions are generally broader and shifted to larger diameters than observations, and observed differences in inorganic and carbon (elemental and organic) distributions are not captured by the model. These model limitations can be reasonably accounted for in regulatory modeling applications. Simulated number size distributions are considerably less accurate than mass size distributions and are difficult to represent in air quality models due to large sub-grid-scale concentration gradients. However, modeled number size distributions are This article has been reviewed by the staff of the California Air Resources Board and has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the California Air Resources Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.Address correspondence to James T. Kelly, Planning and Technical Support Division, Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95812, USA. E-mail: jkelly@ucdavis.edu responsive to updates of the emission size distribution, and reasonable simulation of background number size distributions might be possible with an improved treatment of emission size distributions. Modeled lung deposition fractions for simulated number size distributions peak in the same lung region as those for number size distributions observed in the background. However, differences in modeled and observed total number concentrations generally suggest large differences in the total number of deposited particles. Future model development on simulating particle mass size distributions should focus on improving predictions of the mass fraction of particles <2.5 µm. Model development for particle number size distributions should focus on reducing differences in modeled lung deposition for modeled and observed distributions.

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“…The SJV is the largest contiguous region in the United States violating both the 24-h average NAAQS and the annual average NAAQS for PM2.5 (see SI Figure S1). Maximum PM2.5 concentrations in the SJV are among the highest recorded anywhere in the country (Magliano et al, 1999;Herner et al, 2005). The SJV is expected to double in population from 3 M to 6 M over the next 25e50 years (State of California, Department of Finance, 1998) leading to rapid changes in transportation, industry, agriculture, and power generation with associated changes in air pollutant emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of regional development policies and clean technology adoption on future air pollution exposure

Hixson

Mahmud

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

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a b s t r a c tFuture air pollution emissions in the year 2030 were estimated for the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in central California using a combined system of land use, mobile, off-road, stationary, area, and biogenic emissions models. Four scenarios were developed that use different assumptions about the density of development and level of investment in transportation infrastructure to accommodate the expected doubling of the SJV population in the next 20 years. Scenario 1 reflects current land-use patterns and infrastructure while scenario 2 encouraged compact urban footprints including redevelopment of existing urban centers and investments in transit. Scenario 3 allowed sprawling development in the SJV with reduced population density in existing urban centers and construction of all planned freeways. Scenario 4 followed currently adopted land use and transportation plans for the SJV. The air quality resulting from these urban development scenarios was evaluated using meteorology from a winter stagnation event that occurred on December 15th, 2000 to January 7th 2001. Predicted base-case PM2.5 mass concentrations within the region exceeded 35 mg m À3 over the 22-day episode. Compact growth reduced the PM2.5 concentrations by w1 mg m À3 relative to the base-case over most of the SJV with the exception of increases (w1 mg m À3 ) in urban centers driven by increased concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC).Low-density development increased the PM2.5 concentrations by 1e4 mg m À3 over most of the region, with decreases (0.5e2 mg m À3 ) around urban areas. Population-weighted average PM2.5 concentrations were very similar for all development scenarios ranging between 16 and 17.4 mg m À3 . Exposure to primary PM components such as EC and OC increased 10e15% for high density development scenarios and decreased by 11e19% for low-density scenarios. Patterns for secondary PM components such as nitrate and ammonium ion were almost exactly reversed, with a 10% increase under low-density development and a 5% decrease under high density development. The increased human exposure to primary pollutants such as EC and OC could be predicted using a simplified analysis of population-weighted primary emissions. Regional planning agencies should develop thresholds of population-weighted primary emissions exposure to guide the development of growth plans. This metric will allow them to actively reduce the potential negative impacts of compact growth while preserving the benefits.

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Copyright 2005 Air & Waste Management Association Size and Composition Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter in Northern California: I—Particulate Mass, Carbon, and Water-Soluble Ions

Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in California has one of the most severe particulate air quality problems in the United States during the winter season. In the current study, measurements of particulate matter (PM) smaller than 10 m in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

Estimating the global abundance of ground level presence of particulate matter (PM2.5)

Simulating Particle Size Distributions over California and Impact on Lung Deposition Fraction

Influence of regional development policies and clean technology adoption on future air pollution exposure

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