Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis

Quintais, João Pedro; Mezei, Péter; Harkai, István; Magalhães, João Vieira; Katzenbach, Christian; Schwemer, Sebastian Felix; Riis, Thomas

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4210278

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Platforms exercise their governance of cultural production, particularly through automated content moderation (Gorwa et al, 2020). With a view to copyright, we understand with Quintais et al (2022) copyright content moderation as the activities of platforms aimed at detecting, identifying and addressing content or information that is illegal under EU copyright law and is incompatible with their Terms of Service. These activities can include a broad repertoire of measures: Gorwa et al (2020, p. 4) distinguish with regard to consequences between “hard” measures such as blocking and removal, and “soft” measures, such as downranking and flagging content, and with regard to technological measures between “matching” approaches (seeking additional copies of known content) and “prediction” approaches (seeking to extrapolate features from known to unknown content).…”

Section: Copyright Content Moderation By Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“We Learn Through Mistakes”: Perspectives of Social Media Creators on Copyright Moderation in the European Union

Dergacheva,

Katzenbach

2023

Social Media + Society

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Artists promoting their cultural production on social media platforms must navigate an algorithmic environment that involves visibility, content distribution, and growing algorithmic copyright moderation. The latter was experienced by EU-based social media creators when Article 17 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive was enforced in the EU (Directive [EU] 2019/790, 2019). This research focuses on the understanding and experiences of such creators regarding copyright content moderation of their work on social media platforms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 artists from EU countries, who were surveyed on digitization and digital access to cultural content. A multimodal framework was employed to analyze the copyright governance of creative practices and products, focusing on the regulative (i.e., the adoption of Article 17), normative (assumptions about legitimate and illegitimate behavior in specific communities), and discursive dimensions, as well as the influence of technological affordance on creative work. The findings contribute to the fields of cultural production and platform governance, as well as having policy implications. The anticipation of punishments from platforms due to copyright-related fears and the inability to use appeal processes directly influenced cultural production. Most interviewees employed self-censorship, avoidance, and content adjustment in their creative work before posting on social media platforms.

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Section: Copyright Content Moderation By Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“We Learn Through Mistakes”: Perspectives of Social Media Creators on Copyright Moderation in the European Union

Dergacheva,

Katzenbach

2023

Social Media + Society

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“…Specifically, the scope of monitoring should be refined to the extent that the standards for determining illegality are distinct and practical to meet current available technology. 179 That is to say, the permissible monitoring must not require platforms to assess the legality of content, and should target online content that has been previously identified as illegal by national authorities, or is manifestly illegal for a reasonable person. 180 Considering the distinctive dual-track approach concerning monitoring obligations, private sphere should be excluded from the scope of public law monitoring, while public law monitoring obligations are applicable merely to public law issues, namely the illegal content listed in 'Eleven Boundaries.…”

Section: Legal Predictability Of Monitoring Obligationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making the Private Public: Regulating Content Moderation Under Chinese Law

Xiao

2023

Preprint

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How harassment and hate speech policies have changed over time: Comparing Facebook, Twitter and Reddit (2005–2020)

Dubois,

Reepschlager

2024

Policy & Internet

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Social media platforms make choices about what content is and is not permissible on their platforms. For example, choices about if and how to deal with online harassment and hate speech are growing problems in many online settings. But these choices are often opaque, can vary from platform to platform, and can change over time with little notice. This study examines the ways Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit have defined harassment and hate speech, as well as who they frame as responsible for dealing with harassment and hate speech over time. Using content analysis, the policy structures that house relevant policies, the policy documents themselves, and blog posts are examined. The results illustrate a phased approach to defining harassment and hate, which has become increasingly complex and nuanced over time. Additionally, this work shows a compounding view of who is responsible, which began with users but over time has come to include the platform itself, technology, and external actors such as civil society groups. This paper highlights continued opacity and increasing complexity while also providing contextual historical information necessary for both future research and platform governance decisions.

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Copyright Content Moderation in the EU: An Interdisciplinary Mapping Analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

“We Learn Through Mistakes”: Perspectives of Social Media Creators on Copyright Moderation in the European Union

“We Learn Through Mistakes”: Perspectives of Social Media Creators on Copyright Moderation in the European Union

Making the Private Public: Regulating Content Moderation Under Chinese Law

How harassment and hate speech policies have changed over time: Comparing Facebook, Twitter and Reddit (2005–2020)

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