Core–Double-Shell Fe₂O₃@SiO₂@Jarosite Hybrid Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation of Turquoise in Ethanol

Abstract

This work highlights a facile green route for the one-step synthesis of iron oxide core−double-shell nanoparticles (NPs) and aluminum phosphide (AlP) nanosheets by pulsed laser ablation of the mineral turquoise target from Nishapur in the presence of an ethanol solvent. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction pattern, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray mapping revealed the formation of NPs with a typical core@double-shell structure in which crystalline α-Fe 2 O 3 (iron oxide) formed the core, while SiO 2 (quartz) and (K, H 3 O)Fe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH 6 ) (jarosite) participated as the inner and outer shell, respectively. However, the application of laser ablation on the turquoise phase of the target led to the formation of AlP nanosheets which was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction patterns and FESEM images. Strong absorption of the vein-ablated species in the UV region (250−360 nm) was the characteristic feature of α-Fe 2 O 3 and jarosite phases, while the absorption band at 250− 300 nm for the turquoise-ablated species was related to the presence of Cu compound species and also the α-Fe 2 O 3 phase in the sample. Photoluminescence emission spectra for the vein-ablated species depicted a peak centered at 370 nm, while a peak located at 364 nm was ascribed to the turquoise-ablated species. In particular, these hybrid NPs with high purity and stability may offer new opportunities for bio-applications such as anticancer agents and water/wastewater applications.

Core‐Shell Architectured Sulfur Coated α‐Fe2O3 Nano‐Sheet Anode for Li‐Ion Battery with Insitu Active Solid Electrolyte Interfacial Layer and Li‐Sulfur Energy Storage Systems

“…The sharp and distinct diffraction peaks (2θ) observed at 24.138°, 33.153°, 35.612°, 39.277°, 40.855°, 49.480°, 54.09°, 57.59°, 62.45°, 63.991°, 69.60°, 71.937°, and 75.431°in both the XRD patterns of bare α-Fe 2 O 3 and α-Fe 2 O 3 @S-2 are corresponding to crystallographic planes (012), (104), (110), (006), ( 113), (024), ( 116), (018), (214), (300), ( 208), (1010), and (220) of α-Fe 2 O 3 respectively (ICDD: 00-033-0664). [36][37][38] Whereas the XRD pattern of α-Fe 2 O 3 @S-1 shows slightly different diffraction peaks (2θ) as observed at 35.612°, 39.277°, 40.855°, 54.09°, 57.59°and 69.60°w hich are corresponding to crystallographic planes of (110), (006), ( 113), ( 116), ( 018) and (208), respectively for α-Fe 2 O 3 . The observed diffraction peaks of α-Fe 2 O 3 @S-1 are in best match with ICDD: 00-033-0664, which corresponds to the development of the rhombohedral crystal structure of pristine α-Fe 2 O 3 within which the Fe 3 + cation occupies 2/3 octahedral sites in closepacked oxygen lattice and crystallize in R3c space group.…”

“…In order to visualize the low angle reflection planes, the XRD plot is magnified in the 2(θ) range of 10 ○ to 40 ○ . The magnified XRD pattern indicates two slight humps at 64.5° and 85.2° in the FB and FS1 electrodes which are corresponding to the (300) and (134) reflection planes due to the rhombohedral phase of α‐Fe 2 O 3 (ICDD: 00‐033‐0664) [36–38] . In the FB electrode, less intense peaks observed at 56.34 ° , 67.27 ° , and 83.83 ° are corresponding to (220), (311), and (400) reflection planes which might be due to the Li 2 O cubic phase (ICDD card No: 00‐012‐0254) [78] .…”

“…Notably, no specific Li 2 O peaks are observed in the FS‐1 and FS‐2 electrodes, which highly confirms the absence of Li 2 O formation in both electrodes, resulting in only Li X SO y ‐based SEI layer formation in FS‐1 and FS‐2 electrodes. In the magnified XRD pattern of FS‐1 and FS‐2 electrodes, a few 2θ peaks appeared at 24.13 ° , 33.15 ° , and 35.61 ° are corresponding to the (012), (104), and (110) crystal planes of bare α‐Fe 2 O 3 (ICDD No: 00‐033‐0664) [36–38] . In both FS‐1 and FS‐2 electrodes, the appearance of new significant (2θ) peaks observed at 32.0 ° , 33.20 ° , 33.26 ° , 37.40 ° and 38.80 ° are corresponding to (−212), (112), (211) (−311) and (−213) monoclinic phase of in‐situ formed Li 2 SO 4 SEI layer on the surface of FS‐1 and FS‐2 electrodes (ICDD No: 00‐020‐0640) [79–82] .…”

“…Figure 1(a) shows XRD pattern of bare α‐Fe 2 O 3 , sulfur coated α‐Fe 2 O 3 @S‐1 and α‐Fe 2 O 3 @S‐2 samples. The sharp and distinct diffraction peaks (2θ) observed at 24.138°, 33.153°, 35.612°, 39.277°, 40.855°, 49.480°, 54.09°, 57.59°, 62.45°, 63.991°, 69.60°, 71.937°, and 75.431° in both the XRD patterns of bare α‐Fe 2 O 3 and α‐Fe 2 O 3 @S‐2 are corresponding to crystallographic planes (012), (104), (110), (006), (113), (024), (116), (018), (214), (300), (208), (1010), and (220) of α‐Fe 2 O 3 respectively (ICDD: 00‐033‐0664) [36–38] . Whereas the XRD pattern of α‐Fe 2 O 3 @S‐1 shows slightly different diffraction peaks (2θ) as observed at 35.612°, 39.277°, 40.855°, 54.09°, 57.59° and 69.60° which are corresponding to crystallographic planes of (110), (006), (113), (116), (018) and (208), respectively for α‐Fe 2 O 3 .…”

“…The magnified XRD pattern indicates two slight humps at 64.5°a nd 85.2°in the FB and FS1 electrodes which are corresponding to the (300) and (134) reflection planes due to the rhombohedral phase of α-Fe 2 O 3 (ICDD: 00-033-0664). [36][37][38] In the FB electrode, less intense peaks observed at 56.34°, 67.27°, and 83.83°are corresponding to (220), (311), and (400) reflection planes which might be due to the Li 2 O cubic phase (ICDD card No: 00-012-0254). [78] The formation of Li 2 O in the FB electrode may be due to the capture of mobile lithium ions by oxygen anions arise from the decomposition of electrolyte components as well as surface-adsorbed oxygen of the electrode.…”