Core-shell nanoparticles of Prussian blue analogues as efficient capacitive deionization electrodes for brackish water desalination

Dimensional optimization enables high-performance capacitive deionization

“…Wei et al tried to prevent irreversible structure changes from affecting the core to enhance the capacity of desalination and the stability of cycling by encapsulating NaFeHCF with NaNiHCF. 33 The NaFeHCF with the NaNiHCF coating structure obtained a high specic surface area. The NaNiHCF@NaFeHCF displayed an excellent capacitance of 138.15 F g À1 at 0.5 mA cm À2 and adsorption amount as high as 59.38 mg g À1 because of its coreshell heterostructure, and the energy consumption was 2.34 kg NaCl per kW per h in 50 mM NaCl.…”

“…[214][215][216] Carbon-based 3D nanostructured materials are the rst to be used to treat brackish water, 217,218 such as porous activated carbon and carbon aerogel. With the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the material structure, increasing numbers of 3D materials have also been vigorously developed and applied in the eld of CDI, e.g., Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), 33,219 3D graphene, [220][221][222] and metal-organic framework-derived carbon. 223,224 3D graphene materials have been explored to show their high salt absorption capacity, fast salt absorption rate and excellent regeneration performance.…”

“…the porous DL-Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene CDI electrode material shows a stable cycle of over 60 times and a high electro-adsorption capacity of 45 mg g À1 ). 32 The unique open network structure and high surface area of 3D materials promote efficient electron and ion transmission 33 (high adsorption amount of 59.38 mg g À1 ). The combination of Faraday inorganic compounds with different dimensions and amorphous organic compounds or redox-active polymers can increase the redox-active sites or pseudo-point volume to enhance the long-term cycle stability of the CDI electrode structure 32,[34][35][36] (e.g.…”

A mini review on metal–organic framework-based electrode materials for capacitive deionization

“…Apart from this, there are many other core-shell materials have also been reported for enhanced CDI performance. 142,[144][145][146][147][148][149] These materials offer improved electrochemical properties, high SAC, minimized capacitive leakage, durability, scalability, and the ability to tailor electrode designs. Continued research and development in this area will pave the way for the practical utilization of next-generation CDI systems, enabling effective and environmentally-friendly water deionization.…”

Vertically Aligned Bismuthene Nanosheets on MXene for High-Performance Capacitive Deionization

“…Capacitive deionization (CDI), with its advantages of high desalination efficiency, low environmental footprint, and low energy consumption, is considered as a prospective solution to the challenge of freshwater shortage through desalination of saline water. − In general, the desalination performance of a CDI system deeply depends on the electrochemistry performance of the electrode materials. , Up to now, carbon materials (such as active carbon, graphene, , and porous carbon , ) and some pseudocapacitive materials (such as transition metal oxides , and Prussian blue analogues − ) have been extensively studied to use as electrode materials. However, the low adsorption capacity and sluggish desalination rate have seriously restricted their practical application. , Therefore, developing high-performance electrode materials to enhance deionization of the CDI system remains a challenge.…”