Coriander is one of the most ancient culinary herbs known to mankind. It is a member of the Apiaceae family and grows wild in southeastern Europe, India and China. The entire coriander plant, including the leaves, stems, seeds and roots, is used in producing a popular spice with a pleasing lemony flavor. The dried seeds of coriander contain many phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, coumarins and phenol carboxylic acids, which are thought to contribute to its medicinal properties. Coriander preparations are traditionally ingested or applied externally for a wide range of human ailments, including digestive and gastric complaints, coughs, chest pains, bladder complaints, leprosy rash, fever, dysentery, headaches, oral and pharyngeal disorders, and post-partum complications. It has been shown to have hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antihelminthic and antimutagenic effects, and also has been shown to relieve symptoms of rheumatism and painful joints. In this chapter, we describe the traditional and therapeutic uses of coriander, evaluating its curative, preventative and health-promoting properties, and discussing the clinical trials that have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy as a medicinal agent. 149 Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Spices Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by KAINAN UNIVERSITY on 04/05/15. For personal use only.