Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System

Abstract

The aims of this study are to determine the chemical composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Coriandrum sativum L. essential oils, to evaluate their cytotoxic effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, to investigate whether an alteration of adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) and of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression can take part in the molecular mechanisms of the essential oils, and to study their possible neuronal electrophysiological effects. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and studied by GC and GC-MS. In the oils from L. angustifolia and C. sativum, linalool was the main component (33.1% and 67.8%, respectively). SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different concentrations of essential oils and of linalool. Cell viability and effects on ADCY1 and ERK expression were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT and Western blotting, respectively. Variation in cellular electrophysiology was studied in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons with a multi-electrode array (MEA)-based approach. The essential oils and linalool revealed different cytotoxic activities. Linalool inhibited ADCY1 and ERK expression. Neuronal networks subjected to L. angustifolia and C. sativum essential oils showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity.

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“…Elisabetsky and coworkers showed that linalool possesses dose-dependent sedative effects in the Central Nervous System [33]. In our previous study, we reported that linalool is a component of many essential oils that can influence the expression of ADCY1 and ERK [34]. …”

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“…In the last few years, essential oil components have been evaluated for their mechanism of action and to obtain leading compounds active in central nervous system (CNS). Linalool alone as well as the L. angustifolia essential oils affect, in a concentration‐dependent manner, neural firing activity . L. angustifolia EO exerts receptor binding affinities with a relevant activity on the N ‐methyl‐ d ‐aspartate receptor and inhibition of the serotonin transporter .…”

“…Linalool alone as well as the L. angustifolia essential oils affect, in a concentrationdependent manner, neural firing activity. [366] L. angustifolia EO exerts receptor binding affinities with a relevant activity on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and inhibition of the serotonin transporter. [367] Inhalation and the external application of these oils for the treatment of mental and physical balance are the very basics of aromatherapy in which olfactory nerves from nose to the brain are the site of action for these essential oils.…”

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“…Linalool also shows antidepressant-like effects, decreasing immobility time in the tail suspension test [ 21 ]. In our previous studies, we reported that Lavandula angustifolia , Coriandrum sativum , and Laurus nobilis essential oils and their main components, i.e., linalool and 1,8-cineole, influenced adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1) expression [ 22 , 23 ]. ADCY1 possesses a crucial role in the CNS; in fact, synaptic plasticity and memory formation depend on optimal cAMP levels.…”