Corn Production Associated with Liquid Beef Manure Application Methods

Sawyer, John E.; Schmitt, Michael; Hoeft, R. G.; Siemens, J. C.; Vanderholm, Dale H.

doi:10.2134/jpa1991.0335

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Zhang et al (1992) found that where urea-N was applied as a surface application, 71% of the fertilizer N lost resulted from ammonia volatilization, but the corresponding loss from point-placed urea was 40%. Point placement of urea has also been shown to result in an increased recovery of fertilizer N, as a consequence of the lower losses (Humphreys et al, 1992;Sawyer et al, 1991;Xu et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of fertilizer placement on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat and maize in Chinese loess soils

Rees

Roelcke

et al. 1996

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Field trials were carried out to study the fate of 15N-labelled urea applied to summer maize and winter wheat in loess soils in Shaanxi Province, north-west China. In the maize experiment, nitrogen was applied at rates of 0 or 210 kg N ha-1, either as a surface application, mixed uniformly with the top 0.15 m of soil, or placed in holes 0.1 in deep adjacent to each plant and then covered with soil. In the wheat experiment, nitrogen was applied at rates of 0, 75 or t50 kg N ha -3, either to the surface, or incorporated by mixing with the top 0.15 m, or placed in a band at 0.15 m depth. Measurements were made of crop N uptake, residual fertilizer N and soil mineral N. The total above-ground dry matter yield of maize varied between 7.6 and 11.9 t ha-I. The crop recovery of fertilizer N following point placement was 25% of that applied, which was higher than that from the surface application (18%) or incorporation by mixing (18%). The total grain yield of wheat varied between 4.3 and 4.7 t ha -I . In the surface applications, the recovery of fertilizer-derived nitrogen (25%) was considerably lower than that from the mixing treatments and banded placements (33 and 36%). The fertilizer N application rate had a significant effect on grain and total dry matter yield, as well as on total N uptake and grain N contents. The main mechanism for loss of N appeared to be by ammonia volatilization, rather than leaching. High mineral N concentrations remained in the soil at harvest, following both crops, demonstrating a potential for significant reductions in N application rates without associated loss in yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of fertilizer placement on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat and maize in Chinese loess soils

Rees

Roelcke

et al. 1996

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…However, manure commonly remains on the soil surface in no‐till crop production or grass forage systems. Older manure injection equipment, often using chisels or tines, can provide the benefits of soil incorporation (Klausner and Guest, 1981; Schmitt et al, 1995; Sawyer et al, 1991; Sutton et al, 1982; Mattila, 1998) but often with more soil disturbance and burial of surface residues than is acceptable for soil erosion control (Hanna et al, 2000). Alternative “low disturbance” manure injection systems, such as shallow disk injectors, are now available that minimize soil disturbance and burial of surface residues and are compatible with no‐till and forage systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subsurface Application of Manures Slurries for Conservation Tillage and Pasture Soils and Their Impact on the Nitrogen Balance

2011

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Injection of cattle and swine slurries can provide soil incorporation in no-till and perennial forage production. Injection is expected to substantially reduce N loss due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization, but a portion of that N conservation may be offset by greater denitrification and leaching losses. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the impacts of subsurface application of cattle and swine slurries on the N balance and outlines areas where a greater understanding is needed. Several publications have shown that liquid manure injection using disk openers, chisels, or tines can be expected to Sreduce NH, emissions by at least 40%, and often by 90% or more, relative to broadcast application. However, the limited number of studies that have also measured denitrification losses have shown that increased denitrification with subsurface application can offset as much as half of the N conserved by reducing NH3 emissions. Because the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is one product of denitrification, the possible increases in N2O emission with injection require further consideration. Subsurface manure application generally does not appear to increase leaching potential when manure is applied at recommended rates. Plant utilization of conserved N was shown in only a portion of the published studies, indicating that further work is needed to better synchronize manure N availability and crop uptake. At this time in the United States, the economic and environmental benefits from reducing losses of N as NH3 are expected to outweigh potential liability from increases in denitrification with subsurface manure application. To fully evaluate the trade-offs among manure application methods, a detailed environmental and agricultural economic assessment is needed to estimate the true costs of potential increases in NO2O emissions with manure injection.

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“…This alteration of soil properties may explain erratic corn growth where manure has been injected (Schmitt and Hoeft, 1986) and how rooting patterns are affected by proximity to injected manure zones (Sawyer and Hoeft, 1990). Also, the results of this study form the basis for explaining why changes in application systems can result in differences in grain yield from manured corn fields (Sawyer et al, 1991). The desired changes in application systems need to reduce the concentration gradient between the manure and soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Incubation of Injected Liquid Beef Manure: Effect of Time and Manure Rate

Schmitt

Sawyer²,

Hoeft

1992

Agronomy Journal

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An investigation was conducted to determine if N compounds and other chemical parameters that could cause poor corn (Zea mtJys L.) growth were associated with injected liquid beef manure. Liquid beef manure was injected into a Derinda silt loam soil (tine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) and incubated in two laboratory experiments. Experiment 1 consisted of two application rates, 18 and 36 mL kg-' soil, injected into 25 g of moist soil and incubated for 44 d. Experiment 2 consisted of five manure application rates (0, 29, 58, 116, and 232 mL kg-' soil, equivalent to 2.3, 4.6, 9.2, and 18.4 dry Mg ba-') layered between SO g of soil and incubated for 4 wk. Rates simulated the range of manure concentrations in band applications of 37200 L manure ha · 1 • There was a linear trend of increasing NH.-N concentrations as manure application rates increased. A transitory period of lowered soil redox potential (E 0 ) and elevated pH occurred for 2 wk after application, especially for the highest manure rate. Nitrite-N accumulated with all rates of manure, but the accumulation was transitory with low manure rates. At 116 and 232 mL kg-', higb levels of N0 2 -N were present for 3 and 4 wk, respectively. Conditions potentially toxic to plants were generated initially by reducing conditions (as indicated by low E.l and free NH 3 (due to high pH and high concentrations of water extractable and exchangeable NH 4 -N), and subsequently, by accumulation of N0 2 -N.

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Corn Production Associated with Liquid Beef Manure Application Methods

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

The effect of fertilizer placement on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat and maize in Chinese loess soils

The effect of fertilizer placement on nitrogen uptake and yield of wheat and maize in Chinese loess soils

Subsurface Application of Manures Slurries for Conservation Tillage and Pasture Soils and Their Impact on the Nitrogen Balance

Incubation of Injected Liquid Beef Manure: Effect of Time and Manure Rate

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