Incubation of Injected Liquid Beef Manure: Effect of Time and Manure Rate

Schmitt, Michael; Sawyer, John E.; Hoeft, R. G.

doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020020x

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As a result, free NH 3 accumulated in the urine patches and soil pH remained above the optimum pH range (6.5 to 7.5) for the growth of nitrifying bacteria. High soil pH combined with urinary salts and free NH 3 could have inhibitory effects on soil nitrifying microorganisms reducing the rate of nitrification (Monaghan and Barraclough, 1992;Schmitt et al, 1992).…”

Section: Variation In Mineral Nitrogen Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil pH and nitrogen changes following cattle and sheep urine deposition

Somda

Powell

Bationo

1997

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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The relationship between animal urine deposition and variability in soil chemical composition and crop growth is not well established in the semiarid region of West Africa. This study was conducted to examine the changes over time in soil pH and mineral nitrogen (N) concentrations at the micro sites of cattle and sheep urine patches in comparison to those occurring in fertilizer urea placement zones. The urine and fertilizer solution containing each 400 mg N (800 kg N ha -1 ) were spread onto individual plots covering a surface area of 4-cm radius. The treatments included a control, which consisted of distillate water. Soil samples from three replicate plots were taken in 4-cm increments to a depth of 16 cm and distance of 16 cm on a grid pattern at days 1, 7, 21, 49, 90, 120, and 150 after application. Significant pH and mineral N gradients develop in the vicinity of the fertilizer and urine placement zones declining towards the periphery and the deeper soil layers. The pH at the center of the urine zone remained above 7.5 throughout the 150 days of 1254 SOMDA, POWELL, AND BATIONO the study period. After the initial increase, the soil pH below the fertilizer placement sites declined to the control level by day 90. Concentrations of ammonium (NH 4 ) + nitrate (NO 3 ) also increased markedly in the immediate soil layers of the urine and urea placement zones, and then decreased over time probably due to N losses by volatilization and leaching. Concentrations of mineral N at the periphery of the placement site were similar for all treatments throughout the study period, indicating very little lateral N diffusion. These results provided evidence that animal urine causes significant variabilities in soil chemical composition, even in short distance from the deposition zones. The high soil solution pH in the vicinity of the urine patches alleviate the potential of aluminum (Al) toxicity while increasing the phosphorus (P) availability to crop plants.

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Section: Variation In Mineral Nitrogen Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil pH and nitrogen changes following cattle and sheep urine deposition

Somda

Powell

Bationo

1997

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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“…Ye, P. Jiang, and Q. Xu 2588 decomposition within 1 to 2 weeks (Hsu and Lo 1999;Eneji et al 2001). These are also similar to their changes after they are applied in the soil in various organic materials in either laboratory or field conditions (Schmitt, Sawyer, and Hoeft 1992;Ye and Yang 1997). Similarly, in the present incubation experiment, parameters of solution pH, levels of water-soluble C and N, and C/N ratio changed rapidly within 15 -20 days of incubation; for example, pH increased by about 1 -2 units during d5-20.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Use of Composting Manure to Improve Plant Iron and Zinc

Ye¹,

Jiang²,

Xu³

2006

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the influence of three types of decomposing fresh organic materials [pig manure (PM), Astagalus sinicus (AS), and Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP)] on dissolution of Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO and also the use of a loamy calcareous soil as an alternative source of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Levels of Fe and Zn concentrations in composting solutions changed with composting time. The maximum levels of solution Fe resulting from the decomposition of the three organic materials were 20, 612, and 348 mg L 21 for PM, AS, and AP, respectively, when the soil was supplied as the Fe source, and 17, 32, and 16 mg L 21 when Fe 2 O 3 was supplied as the Fe source. Corresponding maximum levels of solution Zn were 0.9, 0.7, and 1.3 mg L 21 and 35, 171, and 103 mg L 21 when the soil and ZnO was supplied as the Zn source respectively for the same three organic materials.

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“…The elevated soil pH near the slurry band 21 d after slurry application could be due the presence of carbonates and other buffering compounds in slurry, and due to microbial decomposition and CO 2 release during the transformation of organic acids and organic N in slurry to NH 4 + –N (Schmitt, Sawyer, & Hoeft, 1992; Sommer & Husted, 1995). High concentrations of NH 4 + –N and elevated pH in soil near the slurry band may have caused high concentrations of free ammonia, which strongly inhibits Nitrobacter , which oxidizes NO 2 − to NO 3 − (Lee, 1979; Smith, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with this, observations at irrigation showed a much quicker water infiltration at the surface in the NP treatment than in the slurry treatments, indicating that the slurry formed a barrier for both water and roots in the present pot study. Second, formation of other compounds such as organic acids and methane under low oxygen concentrations near the slurry band could further inhibit growth (Lynch, 1980; Sawyer & Hoeft, 1990; Schmitt et al., 1992), whereas such conditions were unlikely in in the NP treatment due higher infiltration capacity. Within a few days, the concentration of organic acids near the slurry band will decrease, since organic acids are an easily decomposable carbon source for microorganisms in soil (Kirchmann & Lundvall, 1993), and hereby the time span from slurry application to sowing might affect the potential toxic effect of placed slurry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage to the primary root in response to cattle slurry placed near seed may compromise early growth of corn

et al. 2020

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Placement of cattle slurry below the row could potentially replace mineral phosphorus (P) starter fertilizer in corn (Zea mays) production, but a concentrated slurry layer near the seed may also restrict root growth. This study was designed to assess how the distance between seed and layer-banded slurry affected initial growth of corn. In a pot experiment with corn on a coarse sandy soil, nitrogen-labeled ( 15 N) cattle slurry was placed 1.5, 5, 8.5, or 12 cm below the seed, and responses on early root growth, shoot biomass, and nutrient uptake were studied. Soil chemical properties near the slurry band were determined in unplanted soil. Placement of slurry 1.5 cm below the seed damaged the primary root, which subsequently reduced shoot biomass and N uptake. Shoot P uptake remained unaffected by slurry placement depth. The 15 N assay revealed that plants were able to take up N from the slurry band despite damage to the primary root. The shoot biomass was higher in the inorganic N and P treatment than in the slurry treatments. Within a few centimeters above the slurry band, the soil was characterized by high moisture and high concentrations of ammonium and nitrite 21 and 35 d after slurry application, which may have caused the damages of the primary root. We conclude that placement of slurry near the seed can damage the primary root of corn. To prevent root injuries, banded slurry should be placed at least 5 cm below the seed.

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Incubation of Injected Liquid Beef Manure: Effect of Time and Manure Rate

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Soil pH and nitrogen changes following cattle and sheep urine deposition

Soil pH and nitrogen changes following cattle and sheep urine deposition

Use of Composting Manure to Improve Plant Iron and Zinc

Damage to the primary root in response to cattle slurry placed near seed may compromise early growth of corn

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