Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies

Ahmed, Faheem; House, Robert J.; Feldman, Brad H.

doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.05.004

Cited by 91 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The cornea has one of the densest concentrations of unmyelinated sensory nerve endings in the body [1,2], which are highly sensitive to mechanical stimulation, temperature, and various chemicals mediators, through receptors such as the transient receptor potential family [3]. Damage or irritation to these nerve endings resulting from ocular surface manipulations such as cataract surgery [4], long-term and improper use of contact lenses [5][6][7], and frequent exposure to irritating environmental and chemical stimuli (infection, air pollutants, hazardous chemicals, air pressure etc.) [1,8,9], can lead to local release of inflammatory mediators, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), causing corneal inflammation [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation has been reported to reduce transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1)-induced inflammatory responses and is anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory in corneal injury. We examined whether allosteric ligands, can modulate CB1 signaling to reduce pain and inflammation in corneal hyperalgesia. Corneal hyperalgesia was generated by chemical cauterization of cornea in wildtype and CB2 knockout (CB2−/−) mice. The novel racemic CB1 allosteric ligand GAT211 and its enantiomers GAT228 and GAT229 were examined alone or in combination with the orthosteric CB1 agonist Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC). Pain responses were assessed following capsaicin (1 µM) stimulation of injured corneas at 6 h post-cauterization. Corneal neutrophil infiltration was also analyzed. GAT228, but not GAT229 or GAT211, reduced pain scores in response to capsaicin stimulation. Combination treatments of 0.5% GAT229 or 1% GAT211 with subthreshold Δ8-THC (0.4%) significantly reduced pain scores following capsaicin stimulation. The anti-nociceptive effects of both GAT229 and GAT228 were blocked with CB1 antagonist AM251, but remained unaffected in CB2−/− mice. Two percent GAT228, or the combination of 0.2% Δ8-THC with 0.5% GAT229 also significantly reduced corneal inflammation. CB1 allosteric ligands could offer a novel approach for treating corneal pain and inflammation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation

et al. 2020

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“…Direct photophobia refers to pain with light shone in the affected eye; whereas, consensual photophobia refers to pain with light shone in the unaffected eye. Consensual photophobia, though a subjective finding, is suggestive of iritis (anterior uveitis) over superficial corneal processes 3. Corneal abrasions may present with severe pain, but the pain typically subsides in 24–48 hours and patients will have a characteristic lesion on fluorescein examination 4.…”

Section: Historical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Urgent and Emergent Causes of Acute Red Eye for the Emergency Physician

Gilani¹,

Yang

Yonkers

et al. 2017

WestJEM

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“…Among all microscopes, the slit-lamp microscope (SLM), invented by Allvar Cullstrand, is most useful in clinical ophthalmology [4,5]. It can be used to observe the structures of the eye anterior end and diagnose various eye diseases, such as cataract, corneal injury, and retinal detachment [6][7][8][9]. The traditional SLM relies only on visual observation and needs manual mapping to record the signs of disease, which is inconvenient and unreliable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a High-Performance Digital Slit-Lamp Microscope with Five-Switched Zoom

et al. 2020

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In this study, we design and present a five-fold digital slit-lamp microscope (DSLM) with built-in photographic lens and CCD. The initial structures of the front objective, Galilean telescope system, and photographic lens are systematically investigated and discussed in the design. A progressive optimization process is employed in the non-coaxial system design after the coaxial system achieves high performance. The analysis of spot diagrams and the modulation transfer function (MTF) show that this DSLM optical system achieves quasi-diffraction-limited performance and enables high-quality imaging for ophthalmic examination. Furthermore, tolerance analysis of this optical system is also performed, which provides a theoretical basis for machining and assembly. This design provides an idea for the design of a digital-zoom microscope in biomedical imaging instruments.

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Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies

Cited by 91 publications

References 13 publications

Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation

Allosteric Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Ligands Reduce Ocular Pain and Inflammation

Differentiating Urgent and Emergent Causes of Acute Red Eye for the Emergency Physician

Design of a High-Performance Digital Slit-Lamp Microscope with Five-Switched Zoom

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