Corneal and Conjunctival Changes Caused by Commonly Used Glaucoma Medications

Noecker, Robert J.; Herrygers, Lisa A; Anwaruddin, Raana

doi:10.1097/01.ico.0000116526.57227.82

Cited by 257 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

149

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These corneal epithelial images are consistent with previously published reports. [4][5][6][7]18,34 The results of the NRCE cell viability assay after exposure to travoprost additives with or without BAC were similar to the results of the TER measurements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Polyoxyethylene Hydrogenated Castor Oil Modulates Benzalkonium Chloride Toxicity: Comparison of Acute Corneal Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Travoprost Z and Travoprost

Uematsu

Kumagami

Shimoda

et al. 2011

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methods: Corneal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured in live white Japanese rabbits by two Ag/AgCl electrodes placed in the anterior aqueous chamber and on the cornea. We evaluated corneal TER changes after a 60-s exposure to travoprost Z, travoprost, and 0.015% BAC.Similarly, TER changes were evaluated after corneas were exposed for 60 s to the travoprost additives EDTA, boric acid, mannitol, trometamol, and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 40 (HCO-40) with or without BAC. Corneal damage was examined after exposure to BAC with or without travoprost additives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a cytotoxicity assay.Results: Although no decreases of TER were noted after exposure to travoprost Z with sofZia and travoprost with 0.015% BAC, a significant decrease of corneal TER was observed after 0.015% BAC exposure. With the exception of for BAC, no corneal TER decreases were observed for any travoprost additives. After corneal exposure to travoprost additives with BAC, HCO-40 was able to prevent the BAC-induced TER decrease. SEM observations and the cytotoxicity assay confirmed that there was a remarkable improvement of BAC-induced corneal epithelial toxicity after addition of HCO-40 to the BAC.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Polyoxyethylene Hydrogenated Castor Oil Modulates Benzalkonium Chloride Toxicity: Comparison of Acute Corneal Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Travoprost Z and Travoprost

Uematsu

Kumagami

Shimoda

et al. 2011

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, a recent paper demonstrated that drugs containing 0.005% BAC cause only minimal damage to the ocular surface even when dosed chronically. 38 Furthermore, the new product will also be the first steroid/antibiotic combination available in a preservative-free formulation; efficacy and safety of the latter is comparable to that of the preserved formulation reported herein (Russo S et al, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Dexamethasone–netilmicin: a new ophthalmic steroid–antibiotic combination. Efficacy and safety after cataract surgery

Russo¹,

Papa²,

Bella³

et al. 2005

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate both efficacy and safety of a new ophthalmic steroid-antibiotic fixed combination containing dexamethasone and netilmicin in the postsurgical management of cataract surgery. Methods In total, 223 patients were randomly treated with dexamethasone 1 mg/ml plus netilmicin 3 mg/ml (n ¼ 148), or dexamethasone 1 mg/ml plus tobramycin 3 mg/ ml (n ¼ 75, TOBRADEX s ) four times in a day for 771 days starting immediately after surgery. Efficacy (anterior chamber (AC) inflammation, conjunctival hyperaemia, corneal and lid oedema, ocular infection, pain, photophobia and tearing) and safety (burning, stinging, blurred vision, intraocular pressure, and visual acuity) were analysed in the operated eye after 1 and 771 days. A followup visit was performed at day 1472. The extent of AC inflammation, measured by slitlamp according to a standard scoring system, was used as primary efficacy parameter. Results At the primary end point (day 7) both fixed combinations were equally effective in reducing postoperative inflammation. The safety profile of the dexamethasone/netilmicin combination was excellent with no evidence of poor local tolerance or adverse reaction. Conclusions A new fixed combination of dexamethasone and netilmicin was effective and safe in controlling ocular inflammation after cataract surgery.

show abstract

“…Multiple studies have delineated the deleterious effects of BAK on conjunctival epithelium, corneal epithelium and corneal stroma. 4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The microscopic changes seen in patients taking BAK include an increase of pro-infl ammatory cytokines, lymphocyte infi ltration, fi broblast proliferation, corneal microvilli loss and goblet cell loss in the conjunctival epithelium. In addition, these ocular surface changes may decrease the success rate of glaucoma surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prostaglandin analog therapy on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients

Horsley

Kahook²

2009

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To quantify changes in tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) in glaucoma patients after switching therapy from latanoprost with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride (BAK) to travoprost with sofZia ™ . Methods: Prospective consecutive case series evaluating patients before and 8 weeks after switching from latanoprost with BAK to travoprost with sofZia ™ in patients with baseline TBUT less than 6 seconds.Results: Forty eyes of 20 consecutive patients using latanoprost with BAK were switched to travoprost with sofZia ™ . Mean TBUT prior to starting travoprost was 2.02 ± 0.71 seconds and increased to 6.34 ± 1.31 seconds 8 weeks after the switch (p Ͻ 0.001). Mean inferior corneal staining scores decreased from 2.40 ± 0.87 to 1.38 ± 0.59 (p Ͻ 0.001). Mean OSDI scores decreased from 26.31 ± 8.25 to 16.56 ± 6.19 (p Ͻ 0.001). Discussion: This report focuses on the status of the ocular surface, as documented by TBUT, corneal staining and OSDI, in patients switched from latanoprost with BAK to travoprost without BAK. The switch resulted in a statistically signifi cant increase in TBUT and decreases in corneal staining and OSDI in patients with low baseline TBUT values. Conclusion: BAK, a common preservative for glaucoma drops, may increase OSD by disrupting the tear fi lm and increasing conjunctival infl ammation. In this study, a change from a BAK-preserved prostaglandin analog (PGA) to a non-BAK-preserved PGA resulted in a measurable improvement of TBUT, corneal staining and OSDI. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of BAK-preserved medications on the ocular surface.

show abstract

Corneal and Conjunctival Changes Caused by Commonly Used Glaucoma Medications

Cited by 257 publications

References 16 publications

Polyoxyethylene Hydrogenated Castor Oil Modulates Benzalkonium Chloride Toxicity: Comparison of Acute Corneal Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Travoprost Z and Travoprost

Polyoxyethylene Hydrogenated Castor Oil Modulates Benzalkonium Chloride Toxicity: Comparison of Acute Corneal Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Travoprost Z and Travoprost

Dexamethasone–netilmicin: a new ophthalmic steroid–antibiotic combination. Efficacy and safety after cataract surgery

Effects of prostaglandin analog therapy on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About