Corneal dendritic cells in diabetes mellitus: A narrative review

Liu, Fengyi; Liu, Chang; Lee, Isabelle Xin Yu; Lin, Molly Tzu Yu; Liu, Yu-Chi

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1078660

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Cytokines and growth factors secreted in response to nerve injury and inflammation also activate the usual quiescent keratocytes, gaining replicative, migratory, and contractile properties, which cumulatively manifest as hyper-reflective keratocytes [42,43]. Dendritic cells are the most potent antigen-presenting cells in the body, and increased mature dendritic cells are seen in active corneal inflammation [44,45]. Barros et al reported that dendritic cells were found in corneas in almost 70% of post-COVID patients, with a predilection for younger, asymptomatic patients [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathic Corneal Pain after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection

Wong,

Liu,

Lin

et al. 2024

Diseases

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Introduction: This is a case report of a patient with neuropathic corneal pain after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Methods: A previously healthy 27-year-old female presented with bilateral eye pain accompanied by increased light sensitivity 5 months after COVID-19 infection. She was diagnosed with neuropathic corneal pain based on clear corneas without fluorescein staining, alongside the presence of microneuromas, dendritic cells, and activated stromal keratocytes identified bilaterally on in vivo confocal microscopy. Results: The patient’s tear nerve growth factor, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide levels were 5.9 pg/mL, 2978.7 pg/mL, and 1.1 ng/mL, respectively, for the right eye and 23.1 pg/mL, 4798.7 pg/mL, and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively, for the left eye, suggesting corneal neuroinflammatory status. After 6 weeks of topical 0.1% flurometholone treatment, decreased microneuroma size, less extensive dendritic cells, and reduced tear nerve growth factor and substance P levels were observed. The scores on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey showed an improvement in burning sensation and light sensitivity, decreasing from 80% and 70% to 50% for both. Conclusions: Neuropathic corneal pain is a potential post-COVID-19 complication that warrants ophthalmologists’ and neurologists’ attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathic Corneal Pain after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection

Wong,

Liu,

Lin

et al. 2024

Diseases

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“…Corneal epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and cornea sensory neurons are anatomically and structurally intimately connected, a concept of epithelium–nerve–dendritic cells (epineuroimmune) function unit, which is analogous to the neurovascular function unit in the retina, which consists of glia, vasculature, and neurons, has been proposed [ 48 ]. So far, little is known about the physiological mechanisms of intercommunication between the components of this unit, to the point of questioning which of them initially detects the injuries or alterations and induces changes in the other two components [ 69 ]. The microbiota of the ocular surface is composed of microorganisms that colonize the cornea and conjunctiva [ 70 ].…”

Section: Ocular Surface Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation

Amorim

Martins

Fernandes

2023

IJMS

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Diabetes is a prevalent global health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known inflammatory, neurovascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of preventable blindness in developed countries among working-age adults. However, the ocular surface components of diabetic eyes are also at risk of damage due to uncontrolled diabetes, which is often overlooked. Inflammatory changes in the corneas of diabetic patients indicate that inflammation plays a significant role in diabetic complications, much like in DR. The eye’s immune privilege restricts immune and inflammatory responses, and the cornea and retina have a complex network of innate immune cells that maintain immune homeostasis. Nevertheless, low-grade inflammation in diabetes contributes to immune dysregulation. This article aims to provide an overview and discussion of how diabetes affects the ocular immune system’s main components, immune-competent cells, and inflammatory mediators. By understanding these effects, potential interventions and treatments may be developed to improve the ocular health of diabetic patients.

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“…DM presents as a low-grade chronic in ammatory pathology. In ammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic eye disease (DED), in conjunction with increases in proin ammatory mediators, apoptosis, and vascular permeability (Asiedu et al 2022;Liu et al 2023). Current research on the link between in ammation and DED has focused on DR and DME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET Imaging for The Early Evaluation of Ocular Inflammation in Diabetic Rats by Using [ 18 F]-DPA-714

Chen

Ding

Pan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are the key leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Ocular inflammation is estimated to occur in the early stage of DM; however, there is no effective quantitative method for evaluating the inflammatory status in eye under diabetic status. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), an evolutionary conserved cholesterol binding protein localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is the biomarker of activated microglia/macrophages, while its role in ocular inflammation is rarely reported. Primary microglia/macrophages (PMs) extracted from the cornea, retina, choroid and sclera of neonatal rats were treated with or without high glucose (50 mM) and used as in vitro model, and SD rats with intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg kg−1 once) were used as in vivo model. Then, fluorine-18-DPA-714 ([18F]-DPA-714), as a specific TSPO tracer, was used for cell uptake and cell binding experiments as well as micro positron emission tomography (microPET) imaging. Increased cell uptake and high binding affinity of [18F]-DPA-714 were observed in primary PMs under hyperglycemia stress, which was consistent with morphological changes, cell activation and TSPO overexpression (p<0.05). Then, [18F]-DPA-714 uptake and biodistribution in eye of DM rats was found to be significantly increased at early stage (3 week and 6 week), which was consistent with microglia/macrophages activation and up-regulated TSPO in eye (p<0.05). [18F]-DPA-714 microPET imaging may be an important method for the early evaluation of ocular inflammation in DM.

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Corneal dendritic cells in diabetes mellitus: A narrative review

Cited by 10 publications

References 114 publications

Neuropathic Corneal Pain after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection

Neuropathic Corneal Pain after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection

Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation

PET Imaging for The Early Evaluation of Ocular Inflammation in Diabetic Rats by Using [ 18 F]-DPA-714

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