Corneal Permeation of Topical Pilocarpine Nitrate in the Rabbit

Chrai, Sukhbir S.; Robinson, Joseph R.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(74)90541-8

Cited by 71 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The lo-' M solution caused excessive lacrimation and a larger k 10, which was reflected in the decrease in drug uptake. This result is consistent with previous findings that aqueous humor drug concentrations over a large instilled fluid concentration range produce a linear relationship over several orders of magnitude (10). Multiple-Dose Studies-Multiple-dosing studies were conducted a t 0.5-hr dosing intervals to ensure integrity of the label and to get a sufficient amount in the reservoirs to show significant differences.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Pilocarpine in the Albino Rabbit Eye

Makoid

Robinson

1979

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Tritiated pilocarpine nitrate2, specific activity 4.1-6.95 Ci/mmole, was purified as previously described (10). Purity was established by paper chromatography and TLC.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Topically Applied Pilocarpine in the Albino Rabbit Eye

Makoid

Robinson

1979

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Highest anterior chamber concentration is reached 20 minutes after instillation and miosis is maximal at 30 minutes with a duration of action of 6 hours. z, 4,6 The aqueous concentration following application of 2 drops of pilocarpine HCl2 % has been shown to be i� the region of 5 j.Lglml? Phenylephrine stimulates al� receptors within the radial muscle fibres causing mydriasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylephrine and pilocarpine in the treatment of post-operative irido-corneal adhesion

Tabandeh

Thompson²,

Kon³

et al. 1995

Eye

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SUMMARYFollowing cataract surgery, entrapment of the iris within the surgical wound is often managed by intensive use of miotics. As the radial fibres stretch, only a small amount of traction is exerted upon the entrapped iris. Applica tion of a combination of phenylephrine and pilocarpine drops causes simultaneous contraction of the pupil sphincter and the radial muscle fibres. This study investigated the relative magnitude of forces induced in the iris periphery by pilocarpine and phenylephrine and the effectiveness of adding g. phenylephrine 10% to g. pilocarpine 4% drops in the treatment of post operative irido-comeal adhesions. The investigation was divided into two parts. First, the forces induced in the iris periphery upon exposure to pilocarpine and phenylephrine were measured in 6 cadaver irises. The mean force was 27.5 ± 5.7 X 10-3 N for pilocarpine and 23.3 ± 4.0 X 10-3 N for phenylephrine. The combina tion of the two drugs produced a force of 54.2 ± 6.6 X 10-3 N (p<0.05). In the second part of the study intensive pilocarpine 4% drops were administered to 17 patients who had iris-wound entrapment on the first post-operative day. Patients with persistent adhesion were commenced on intensive g. phenylephrine 10%and assessed after 90 minutes. Of the 17 patients, 6responded to pilocarpine drops alone; in a further 7 the irido-comeal adhesion was released only by the addition of phenylephrine drops, and in 4 patients drops were ineffective in relieving the adhesion. This study indicates that addition of phenylephrine 10% to pilocarpine 4% drops enhances the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment of post-operative irido-comeal adhesion.Adherence of the iris to the internal opening of the corneal wound or its incarceration within the surgical section is a not uncommon complication of cataract surgery. If untreated, the adhesions may result in METHODS AND SUBJECTS Laboratory InvestigationsThe iris and anterior uveal tissue of 6 donor eyes were isolated and stored in Krebs solution at 4 °C for a maximum period of 48 hours. A fine suture (10/0 nylon) was passed through the iris periphery at a location corresponding to the site of iris prolapse.The iris tissue was placed in an organ bath containing Krebs solution at 37°C, gassed with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide in order to maintain the oxygenation and the acid/base balance with a pH of 7.2 (Fig. 1)

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“…In the case of the Na ion, this proportionality was found to be true on the concentration being changed over a range of 50--1,500 mEqj1 (MAURICE 1955). The penetration of tritiated pilocarpine has been reported to be linear over the range 10-6 _10-1 M (CHRAI and ROBINSON 1974).…”

Section: D) Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 92%