Coronary artery calcification and family history of premature coronary heart disease. Sibling history is more strongly associated than parental history

Nasir, Khurram; Michos, Erin D.; Rumberger, John A.

doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.12.127

Cited by 39 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A strong family history of heart disease can increase an individual's risk for coronary heart disease fourfold, and even a moderate family history can lead to a two-fold increase in risk, a population-based study had shown (Collins, 2006;Buttar et al, 2005). The family history is considered to be significant when a male relative's first CHD event occurred before the age of 55, or a female relative's first CHD event occurred before 65 (Scheuner et al, 2008;Roncaglioni et al, 1992;Nasir et al, 2004). Some other studies had shown that death from CHD was largely influenced by genetic factors with a positive family history being associated with a 75% increase in risk in men, and an 84% increase in women (Kashani et.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Profile of the Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients Admitted in a Hospital in Malaysia

Yusoff¹,

Ariffin²,

Hamid³

et al. 2016

J App Pharm Sci

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Coronary Heart Disease refers to a group of closely related syndrome caused by imbalance between the myocardial oxygen demand and the blood supply. It is the single most common cause of death in economically developed countries, including the United States and Europe. Hypercholesterolemia is considered as one of the most common modifiable risk factors of CHD. Men are more commonly affected than women until the fifth decade, after which time the frequency of CHD is similar in both sexes. Other risk factors are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. This was a cross-sectional study in demonstrating the pattern of the lipid profile (Total Cholesterol (TC); Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C); High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Triglyceride levels (TG) among the CHD patients admitted in the hospital. Most of the CHD patients had the total cholesterol level high, and among them 25.6% were Malay. Malays were the highest in the optimal range (< 3.0mmol/L) with 20.9% and HDL level within the normal range (1.2-1.8mmol/L) by 22.2% (34). Most of the CHD patients had the TG level within normal range (<1.5mmol/L) but among them 19.9% were Malays. This study had demonstrated that Malays were mostly affected by heart disease (HD) followed by Chinese and Indians, and the incidence was twice as high as in men compared to women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Profile of the Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients Admitted in a Hospital in Malaysia

Yusoff¹,

Ariffin²,

Hamid³

et al. 2016

J App Pharm Sci

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“…Algorithms for stratifying risk that incorporate these features of family history to rank individual people are being evaluated in adult populations. [91][92][93] Algorithms to predict the risk of chronic conditions in susceptible children may have to be modified to account for the potentially prolonged period between exposure and outcomes. Ideally, the algorithm should identify children at increased risk who would benefit the most from early preventive measures and children at very high risk, who may be referred to a specialist.…”

Section: Family History As a Screening Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Family History a Useful Tool for Detecting Children at Risk for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases? A Public Health Perspective

et al. 2007

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Several studies indicate that the risk for type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease is detectable in childhood, although these disorders may not emerge until adulthood. In addition, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease seem to share risk factors, including obesity and dyslipidemia, and might even share etiology, which has important implications for screening and prevention strategies for both diseases. Primary prevention, in particular, has gained importance because the results of major randomized, controlled trials strongly suggest that, at least in high-risk adult groups, type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed. Furthermore, some intervention studies indicate that the risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease can be reduced in children. A simple way to detect risk for either diabetes or cardiovascular disease is to examine the family history. Numerous studies have shown that adults who have 1 or more first-or second-degree relatives affected with diabetes or cardiovascular disease are at high risk of having or developing these diseases. Currently, there are no overall screening strategies recommended for either diabetes or cardiovascular disease among children and adolescents. The evidence is strong, however, that youth with a positive family history already show signs of increased risk for these conditions. Family history can be part of the approach to screening for children at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and should be part of prevention campaigns aimed at reducing the burden of these diseases and their risk factors in children.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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“…Interestingly, the magnitude of effect associated with a sibling history was consistently greater than that for a parental history. 8 The elevated odds for CAC conferred by the presence of a family history were not significantly different by strata of individual modifiable risk factors, although the prevalence of CAC in subjects with 3 or more risk factors was higher in those with than in those without a family history. 8 Nasir et al 8 add an important, large study of CAC to a growing literature demonstrating the association of familial CHD with subclinical atherosclerosis.…”

Section: See P 2150mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…8 The elevated odds for CAC conferred by the presence of a family history were not significantly different by strata of individual modifiable risk factors, although the prevalence of CAC in subjects with 3 or more risk factors was higher in those with than in those without a family history. 8 Nasir et al 8 add an important, large study of CAC to a growing literature demonstrating the association of familial CHD with subclinical atherosclerosis. Studies in populationbased cohorts have reported that parental history of CHD is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness, even after adjustment for established risk factors.…”

Section: See P 2150mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The authors examined the association of a reported family history of early-onset (before age 55 years) CHD with the presence and burden of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in electron beam computed tomography in 8549 asymptomatic men and women referred for testing. 8 CAC is a surrogate measure of the presence and burden of coronary atherosclerosis that has consistently been associated with increased risks for CHD in selected cohorts. 9 CAC was significantly more common in subjects with a sibling or parental history of CHD.…”

Section: See P 2150mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family History, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

O’Donnell

2004

Circulation

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ith completion of the human genome sequence, expectations are rising that a detailed catalogue will soon be available of all important common genetic susceptibility variants for human diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). 1 In light of this seminal event in medical research, it is curious that the family history of CHD has not been accorded a more central role in risk prediction and disease prevention by clinicians and public health professionals. A positive family history of CHD is present in the majority of cases of premature-onset CHD. 2 In cases of familial hypercholesterolemia and other rare forms of premature-onset CVD, CHD clearly segregates in a mendelian fashion. For most cases of premature-onset CHD, the mode of genetic transmission in families is less clear. Although the family history of CHD has been considered a putative risk factor for decades, it has not been incorporated along with other established risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cigarette smoking in some widely applied multivariable risk algorithms, 3 though other risk algorithms do incorporate family history information. 4 See p 2150This cautious approach to widespread application of family history information is not due to insufficient evidence. Risks for CHD death are greatest in monozygotic (identical) compared with dizygotic (nonidentical) twins, particularly when there is a premature (eg, Ͻ65 years) age of onset in the initially affected twin. 5 In multiple prospective studies involving hundreds of thousands of men and women, a parental history of premature CHD is a significant risk factor for CVD even after multivariable adjustment. Relative risk estimates generally range from 1.2 to 2.0, as noted in the Physician's Health Study and Women's Health Study, 6 although the estimated magnitude of risk associated with early-onset parental disease is substantially higher in some studies. 7 However, what has remained unclear are the pathophysiological/genetic mechanisms of the familial risk, the extent to which familial risk is independent of other established risk factors (including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and tobacco use, which have a familial component), the magnitude of excess risk after adjustment for other risk factors, and the extent to which risk conferred by a positive family history of CHD is modifiable.In this context, Nasir et al 8 in this issue of Circulation provide a fascinating and timely contribution to the family history literature. The authors examined the association of a reported family history of early-onset (before age 55 years) CHD with the presence and burden of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in electron beam computed tomography in 8549 asymptomatic men and women referred for testing. 8 CAC is a surrogate measure of the presence and burden of coronary atherosclerosis that has consistently been associated with increased risks for CHD in selected cohorts. 9 CAC was significantly more common in subjects with a sibling or parenta...

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Coronary artery calcification and family history of premature coronary heart disease. Sibling history is more strongly associated than parental history

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Lipid Profile of the Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients Admitted in a Hospital in Malaysia

Lipid Profile of the Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients Admitted in a Hospital in Malaysia

Is Family History a Useful Tool for Detecting Children at Risk for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases? A Public Health Perspective

Family History, Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

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