Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality trends in Brazil 2000–2018

Moreira, Patrícia Vasconcelos Leitão; Neta, Adélia da Costa Pereira de Arruda; Ferreira, Sara Silva; Ferreira, Flávia Emília Leite Lima; Lima, Rafaela Lira Formiga Cavalcanti de; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro de Tolêdo; Araújo, Jevuks Matheus de; Rodrigues, Rômulo Eufrosino de Alencar; Neto, José Moreira da Silva; O’Flaherty, Martı́n

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253639

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…With advances in medical treatment, patients have better access to acute revascularization treatments such as thrombolysis and angioplasty, and therefore achieve better outcomes and survival. For example, in Brazil, the crude mortality rates from coronary heart disease decreased in both sexes and in all age groups (only an increase of 1.78% was observed in males over 85 y) (Moreira et al, 2021). Similarly, Argentina and Colombia showed declines of 51% and 6.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program is an effective strategy to improve muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in adults and older people with coronary artery disease

Marzuca‐Nassr

Serón²,

Román³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. Standard cardiac rehabilitation (face-to-face sessions) has shown benefits in increasing muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in adults and older people. However, it is unknown whether hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (a first face-to-face phase + a second remote monitoring phase) will have similar benefits in adults versus older subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program on muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in “adult” versus “older” people with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program would improve muscle strength and functional exercise capacity, but the impact would be smaller in the older group than the adult individuals. This study is part of a larger project (The Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial-HYCARET). We subjected 22 adult (<60 y) females and males (ADULT; n = 5/17 (f/m); 52 ± 5 y; 28.9 ± 3.4 kg·m-2) and 20 older (≥60 y) females and males (OLDER; n = 6/14 (f/m); 66 ± 4 y; 27.4 ± 3.9 kg·m-2) with coronary artery disease to 12 weeks of hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Prior to and after 12 weeks of a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program, grip strength (handgrip), leg strength (chair stand test), and functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test, 6MWT) were assessed. The hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program resulted in a 9.4 ± 14.6% and a 6.2 ± 12.1% grip strength increase, a 14.4 ± 39.4% and a 28.9 ± 48.1% legs strength increase, and a 14.6 ± 26.4% and a 6.8 ± 14.0% functional exercise capacity improvement in ADULT and OLDER, respectively (p < 0.05) with no differences between groups. In conclusion, a hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program could increase muscle strength and improve functional exercise capacity in adults and older people with coronary artery disease. More future studies comparing effectiveness among these age groups are needed to strengthen this conclusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program is an effective strategy to improve muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in adults and older people with coronary artery disease

Marzuca‐Nassr

Serón²,

Román³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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“…Despite the continuous decline in crude and adjusted mortality rates for CVD (such as CHD and stroke), especially in the age group 35 to 44 years for both sexes [ 7 ], Brazil still has high mortality rates from these diseases and remains the leading cause of death in the country [ 40 ]. Unhealthy diet are one of the main causes, with an excess of critical nutrients such as salt, sugar, oils, and fats [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Life expectancy at birth was 72.74 years for men and 79.80 years for women [ 6 ]. Specifically in Brazil, between 2000 and 2018, crude mortality rates from CVD have been decreasing in adults over 25 years of age, of both sexes, except in men over 85 years of age [ 7 ]. Even in this scenario, CVD were responsible for 28% of all deaths that occurred between 2010 and 2015, and 38% of this number occurred in the productive age group (18 to 65 years) [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases in Brazil

et al. 2022

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Objective To evaluate the direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases (such as coronary heart disease and stroke) by sex and age group, attributed to the excessive consumption of salt, saturated fat and trans fat in Brazil. Materials and methods The data for estimating the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) corresponding to the consumption of salt, saturated fat and trans-fat were obtained from the Household Budget Survey 2017–2018. The calculation of direct costs for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was made from the accounting sum of costs with hospitalizations and outpatient care found in the National Health System (Hospital Information System and Outpatient Information System), from 2017 to 2019, including the costs of treatment, such as medical consultations, medical procedures, and drugs. Regarding the indirect costs, they were measured by the loss of human capital, given the premature death, resulting in loss of productivity. To define the attributable costs, they were multiplied by the PAF. Results Higher burden of CVD attributable to the consumption of salt, saturated fat and trans fat were observed in younger individuals, which progressively decreased with advancing age, but still generated economic costs in the order of US$ 7.18 billion, in addition to 1.53 million productive years of life lost (YLL) to premature death, if considering salt as an inducer. Although attributable burden of CVD is higher among younger individuals, the highest costs are associated with males aged 45 to 74 years old for direct costs and 45 to 64 years old for indirect costs. Conclusion The attributable fractions to consumption of salt are the ones that cause the most effects on CVD, followed by saturated fat and trans fat, with direct and indirect costs being higher for males.

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“…Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the primary causes of mortality and disability worldwide. For instance, according to the data obtained through the Unified Health System database from the Ministry of Health of Brazil, the average mortality rate for CHD increased to 78.75 during 2016-2018 in Brazil ( 1 ). Timely restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium in the early stage effectively limits infarct size and is therefore standard treatment to prevent death of cardiomyocytes at risk ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Mechanisms of injury and implications for management (Review)

et al. 2022

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Myocardial infarction is one of the primary causes of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease worldwide. Early treatment of acute myocardial infarction restores blood supply of ischemic myocardium and decreases the mortality risk. However, when the interrupted myocardial blood supply is recovered within a certain period of time, it causes more serious damage to the original ischemic myocardium; this is known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to MIRI are associated with oxidative stress, intracellular calcium overload, energy metabolism disorder, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. These interplay with one another and directly or indirectly lead to aggravation of the effect. In the past, apoptosis and autophagy have attracted more attention but necroptosis and ferroptosis also serve key roles. However, the mechanism of MIRI has not been fully elucidated. The present study reviews the mechanisms underlying MIRI. Based on current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of MIRI, the association between cell death-associated signaling pathways were elaborated, providing direction for investigation of novel targets in clinical treatment.

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Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality trends in Brazil 2000–2018

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

A hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program is an effective strategy to improve muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in adults and older people with coronary artery disease

A hybrid exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program is an effective strategy to improve muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in adults and older people with coronary artery disease

The direct and indirect costs of cardiovascular diseases in Brazil

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Mechanisms of injury and implications for management (Review)

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