Corporate power purchase agreement: Formulation of the related levelized cost of energy and its application to a real life case study

Mendicino, Luca; Menniti, Daniele; Pinnarelli, Anna; Sorrentino, N.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113577

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In Italy [16], an opportunity LCOE is used to aid stakeholder in selecting corporate power purchase agreement price and contractual length. An opportunity LCOE is estimated such that the contractual length should be within 7 years, whereas corporate power purchase agreement price ranges from 75 £/MWh to 100 £/MWh.…”

Section: Least-cost Evaluation For Decentralized Electrification In Sgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, analysis of rural electricity generation option in SSA has assumed a daily energy demand to be 8.2 kWh. Also, the energy generation of 100 kWh per month is shown in Figures 12-14 using Equations (16), (17), and (14), for DES, CES, and BDES, respectively. It is observed from these figures that some regions like Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, Gabon, Zambia, and Zimbabwe have high energy generation cost, which is above 2.5 $/kWh for the decentralized infrastructure as compared to CES and BDES.…”

Section: Least-cost Evaluation For Ces Des and Bdes Contributions Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, low reliability premium is achieved with minimum BLCOE for prosumers with less variability in the component cost using Equation (15). Furthermore, using Equations (14), (16), and (17), countries can decide which models best suit their energy needs. However, the proposed solution of Equation (14) outperforms Equations (17) and (16) with the least energy generation cost.…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, using Equations (14), (16), and (17), countries can decide which models best suit their energy needs. However, the proposed solution of Equation (14) outperforms Equations (17) and (16) with the least energy generation cost. Tables 3 and 4 confirm that the proposed BDES achieves minimum energy generation cost for 60% and 99% of the population in SSA with retail price of 100 kWh per month.…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cost-effective energy planning model is used to compare the energy generation capacity of a CES with the options of DES that often consider solar with battery storage [2]. brown Several energy planning models were proposed in the literature to provide cost-effective solutions to classes of DES for different countries [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]; however, their focus was on isolated geographical locations. Although, the authors of [19] have proposed a model for energy planning for multiple SSA locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least-Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

Dahunsi

Almogren

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et al. 2020

Entropy

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The International Energy Agency has projected that the total energy demand for electricity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to rise by an average of 4% per year up to 2040. It implies that~620 million people are living without electricity in SSA. Going with the 2030 vision of the United Nations that electricity should be accessible to all, it is important that new technology and methods are provided. In comparison to other nations worldwide, smart grid (SG) is an emerging technology in SSA. SG is an information technology-enhanced power grid, which provides a two-way communication network between energy producers and customers. Also, it includes renewable energy, smart meters, and smart devices that help to manage energy demands and reduce energy generation costs. However, SG is facing inherent difficulties, such as energy theft, lack of trust, security, and privacy issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based decentralized energy system (BDES) to accelerate rural and urban electrification by improving service delivery while minimizing the cost of generation and addressing historical antipathy and cybersecurity risk within SSA. Additionally, energy insufficiency and fixed pricing schemes may raise concerns in SG, such as the imbalance of order. The paper also introduces a blockchain-based energy trading system, which includes price negotiation and incentive mechanisms to address the imbalance of order. Moreover, existing models for energy planning do not consider the effect of fill rate (FR) and service level (SL). A blockchain levelized cost of energy (BLCOE) is proposed as the least-cost solution that measures the impact of energy reliability on generation cost using FR and SL. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed model and the least-cost option varies with relative energy generation cost of centralized, decentralized and BDES infrastructure. Case studies of Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, and Senegal illustrate situations that are more suitable for BDES. For other SSA countries, BDES can cost-effectively service a large population and regions. Additionally, BLCOE reduces energy costs by approximately 95% for battery and 75% for the solar modules. The future BLCOE varies across SSA on an average of about 0.049 $/kWh as compared to 0.15 $/kWh of an existing system in the literature.

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Section: Least-cost Evaluation For Decentralized Electrification In Sgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Least-cost Evaluation For Ces Des and Bdes Contributions Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least-Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

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et al. 2020

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A day‐ahead sleeved power purchase agreement model for estimating the profit of wind farms in the Indian energy market

Das

Malakar

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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SUMMARY The ever‐increasing demand for green energy sources encourages wind farms to participate in the energy market through long‐term contracts. This paper discusses the existing frameworks of the wind energy market and presents the strategies to integrate wind energy into the grid through the valuable power purchase agreement (PPA). Critical observations reveal that the opportunities of the short‐term energy market remain unexplored for wind farms till date. To promote more investments and to enhance the operating economy, the wind energy sector must adapt to the sporadic nature of generation in the day‐ahead energy market. The selection of accurate PPA for wind farms is a potent area of research and has encouraged the authors to explore this area vividly. In view of this, the main objective of the article is to develop a day‐ahead sleeved PPA model and to evaluate its effectiveness in the Indian energy market. To correlate the proposed model with practicality aspects, seasonal wind speed scenarios are forecasted using the sARIMA model for a practical wind farm. The performance of the employed sARIMA model is evaluated through proper comparative assessment with other models. Thereafter to validate the importance of the developed PPA, a detailed comparative analysis is carried out with the existing long‐term PPA. Further, the potentiality of the proposed sleeved PPA is compared with its other counterparts. Result analysis confirms the usefulness of the proposed PPA model in maximizing the economy of the renewable energy market entities.

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Corporate Renewable Energy Procurement: Comparison of the Market in Canada Versus the U.S. to Enable CPPAs in Canada

Miller

Carriveau

2021

Springer Proceedings in Energy

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Corporate power purchase agreement: Formulation of the related levelized cost of energy and its application to a real life case study

Cited by 63 publications

References 15 publications

Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least-Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least-Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa

A day‐ahead sleeved power purchase agreement model for estimating the profit of wind farms in the Indian energy market

Corporate Renewable Energy Procurement: Comparison of the Market in Canada Versus the U.S. to Enable CPPAs in Canada

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