Correct determination of net gain in Er-doped optical waveguide amplifier from pump-on/off measurement

Zhang, De‐Long; Hua, Ping-Rang; Pun, Edwin Yue-Bun

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.06.054

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The relationship between the relative gain G rel , internal gain G int , and net gain G net can be described by Equations ( 3) and ( 4). [37] G G G G r re el l l lo os ss s…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Gain of Nd^III Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

Lin

Man

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Chelate phosphine oxide ligand (9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐xanthene‐4,5‐diyl) bis (diphenylphosphineoxide) (XPO) is prepared as a neutral ligand to synthesize complex Nd (TTA)3 (XPO) (TTA = 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone). An appropriate energy gap between the XPO and TTA ligands, which can support two additional energy transfer routines from the first excited triplet state (T1) energy level of the XPO to that of the TTA, improves energy transfer in the Nd complex. Based on intramolecular energy transfer mechanism, optical gains at 1.06 and 1.31 µm are demonstrated in Nd (TTA)3 (XPO)‐doped polymer waveguides with the excitation of low‐power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of semiconductor lasers as pump sources. Using the vertical top‐pumping mode of a 365 nm LED, relative gains of 22.5 and 8.4 dB cm−1 are obtained at 1.06 and 1.31 µm, respectively, in a 0.2 cm long embedded waveguide with a cross‐section of 8 × 5 µm2. The active core layer is Nd (TTA)3 (XPO)‐doped SU‐8 polymer. Moreover, relative gains are achieved in evanescent‐field waveguide with a cross‐section of 6 × 4 µm2. The 21.0 and 5.6 dB cm−1 relative gains are achieved at 1.06 and 1.31 µm, respectively, with a net gain of 13.8 ± 0.3 dB cm−1 obtained at 1.06 µm in a 0.9 cm long SU‐8 waveguide with Nd (TTA)3 (XPO)‐doped polymethylmethacrylate as upper cladding.

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“…The relationship between the relative gain G rel , internal gain G int , and net gain G net can be described by Equations ( 3) and ( 4). [37] G G G G r re el l l lo os ss s…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Gain of Nd^III Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

Lin

Man

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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show abstract

“…The relationship among the relative gain G(L) rel , internal gain G(L) int and net gain G(L) net can be described by Equations ( 1) and ( 2): [44] ( ) ( )…”

Section: Optical Gain Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship among the relative gain G ( L ) rel , internal gain G ( L ) int and net gain G ( L ) net can be described by Equations () and (): [ 44 ]

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{G{{(L)}_{{\rm{rel}}}} = G{{(L)}_{{\rm{int}}}} + {\alpha _{{\rm{loss}}}}}\end{array}

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{G{{(L)}_{{\mathop{\rm int}} }} = G{{(L)}_{{\rm{net}}}} + {\alpha _{{\rm{cou}}}}}\end{array}

where α loss is the waveguide propagation loss. where α cou is the coupling loss of the two end facets of the waveguide.…”

Section: Optical Gain Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Gain at 637 nm Wavelength in Polymer Waveguide Amplifier Under Commercial LED Pumping for Planar Photonic Integration

Liu

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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transmit data [1] and has attracted considerable interest in optical local area networks and photonic integrated circuits. Plastic optical fibers (POF) are typically employed to transmit optical signals in VLC systems. [2,3] Although POF have low absorption losses in the visible wavelength window, it is still necessary to use optical waveguide amplifiers to compensate for the propagation loss. Moreover, there is a growing demand for chip-level monolithic photonic systems that integrate optical devices with various functions, such as optical multiplexing, switching, modulation, and amplification. These systems should employ waveguide amplifiers operating across the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges to compensate for the optical losses.Owing to their low absorption loss, simple processing, and being low cost, optical waveguide amplifiers based on polymer materials exhibit great potential in the visible wavelength region in photonic integrated circuits. For optical amplification in the red region, ongoing research mainly focused on the organic dyedoped [4][5][6] and rare-earth Eu 3+ ions or Er 3+ ion-doped polymer waveguide amplifiers. [7][8][9][10] The organic dye-doped optical amplifier pumped with a 575 nm pulsed laser achieved a relative gain of 9.3 dB cm −1 at 650 nm in a waveguide with a cross-section of 7 µm × 100 µm. [11] The rare-earth Eu 3+ ions-doped waveguide amplifier pumped with a 351 nm laser showed a gain of 8.6 dB cm −1 at 612 nm with a cross-section of 2.7 µm × 100 µm. [7] For Er 3+ ion-doped polymer amplifiers, a relative optical gain of 2.0 dB cm −1 at 650 nm, based on the up-conversion of Er 3+ ions, was obtained upon the excitation of a 976 nm laser diode (LD). [9] In addition to the waveguide amplifiers mentioned above, almost all waveguide amplifiers, such as Er 3+ -doped inorganic materials, [12][13][14] Nd 3+ -doped polymer [15][16][17] frequently select LDs as pump sources. In the pumping mode, either light-beam spatial coupling [7,10,17] or a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) [12,18,19] is generally used to combine the signal laser with a pump laser. The light beam spatial coupling possess the disadvantage of limiting the amplifier to a 1D axial space, as shown in Figure 1a, which is not conducive to the application of Optical gains at 637 nm wavelength using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of traditional semiconductor lasers as pumping sources are demonstrated in the organic molecule 2,6-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-9,10-anthracenedione (AQ(PhDPA) 2 )-doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and SU-8 polymer waveguides. Under excitation of four blue-violet LEDs with different central wavelengths, fluorescence in the red band is observed owing to the transition of AQ(PhDPA) 2 from the excited states to the ground state based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism. Channel waveguides with a cross-section of 6 µm × 5 µm are fabricated. The relative gains of 5.0 and 4.0 dB cm −1 are obtained in rectangular waveguides with active core layers as AQ(PhDPA) ...

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Influence of multimode-pump propagation on the gain characteristics of erbium–ytterbium doped waveguide amplifier

et al. 2009

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Correct determination of net gain in Er-doped optical waveguide amplifier from pump-on/off measurement

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

High‐Gain of Nd^III Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

High‐Gain of Nd^III Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

Optical Gain at 637 nm Wavelength in Polymer Waveguide Amplifier Under Commercial LED Pumping for Planar Photonic Integration

Influence of multimode-pump propagation on the gain characteristics of erbium–ytterbium doped waveguide amplifier

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Correct determination of net gain in Er-doped optical waveguide amplifier from pump-on/off measurement

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

High‐Gain of NdIII Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

High‐Gain of NdIII Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

Optical Gain at 637 nm Wavelength in Polymer Waveguide Amplifier Under Commercial LED Pumping for Planar Photonic Integration

Influence of multimode-pump propagation on the gain characteristics of erbium–ytterbium doped waveguide amplifier

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Product

Resources

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High‐Gain of Nd^III Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism

High‐Gain of Nd^III Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism