Correcting arterial blood gases for temperature: (when) is it clinically significant?

Bisson, Jamie; Younker, Jackie

doi:10.1111/j.1478-5153.2006.00177.x

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This could account in part for the different conclusions of these 2 studies. Temperature correction of ABG results is a controversial issue in human medicine 14,15 and is likely unnecessary when the patient's temperature is measured within 1°C of 37°C 14 which was the case of the horses in our study (mean AE SD, 37.3 AE 0.3°C; range, 36.6-38°C). Studies in geriatric dogs have not shown a significant difference in PaO 2 or PaCo 2 results compared to younger dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Age Effects on Blood Gas, Spirometry, Airway Reactivity, and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses

Pacheco

Paradis

Hoffman

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundDespite the increasing number of geriatric horses attended by veterinarians, there is a lack of understanding of aging‐related changes on the respiratory system of horses.ObjectiveTo identify aging‐related changes on the respiratory function and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology of horses.AnimalsFifteen healthy young adult (2–11 years) and 16 healthy aged (≥20 years) horses.MethodsThe respiratory system was examined by measurement of arterial blood gases (ABG), use of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) for assessment of breathing pattern and ventilatory parameters, histamine bronchoprovocation, and BALF cytology.ResultsNo significant differences were detected with regard to values obtained by ABG or bronchoprovocation of young adult and aged healthy horses. In aged horses, there were significant differences in mean ± SD of the following parameters when compared to young horses: prolonged expiratory time (Te) measured by RIP (3.9 ± 1.5 s versus 3.0 ± 0.6 s), decreased percentage of alveolar macrophages (40.6 ± 11.3% versus 53.5 ± 9.6%), and increased percentage of lymphocytes (53.4 ± 9.5% versus 43.9 ± 11.0%). No correlations between airway reactivity and ventilatory parameters, ABG, or BALF cytology were found in this asymptomatic population.ConclusionsThese results suggest that aging does not cause changes in the results obtained by ABG, most RIP‐derived variables, and bronchoprovocation in the horse. A decreased percentage of macrophage and an increased percentage of lymphocytes in the BALF cytology may be expected in the asymptomatic geriatric horse and may be a result of aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Age Effects on Blood Gas, Spirometry, Airway Reactivity, and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses

Pacheco

Paradis

Hoffman

et al. 2014

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…This is particularly important in the context of blood gas assessment of a hypo-or hyperthermic animal, where the consensus is that temperature correction should be applied (Jones et al, 1989;Bacher, 2005;Higgins, 2016). The neces-3211 sity for temperature correction within the euthermic range has not be determined for animals and is deemed unnecessary in humans (Bisson and Younker, 2006;Goldsmith et al, 2016); therefore, the effect of the absence of temperature correction in our study cannot be defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Establishing blood gas ranges in healthy bovine neonates differentiated by age, sex, and breed type

Dillane

Krump

Kennedy

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Calf mortality and morbidity commonly occurs within the first month of life postpartum. Standard health ranges are invaluable aids in diagnostic veterinary medicine to confirm normal or the degree and nature of abnormal parameters in (sub)clinically ill animals. Extensive research has indicated significant differences between the physiologies of neonate and adult cattle, particularly for blood parameters such as pH, base excess, anion gap, and bicarbonate (HCO). The objective of this research was to determine the influence of age, sex, and breed type, in addition to environmental factors, on the normal blood gas profiles of neonatal calves, and thus develop a scientifically validated reference range accounting for any significant factors. The study was conducted on healthy neonatal calves (n = 288), and completed over a 2-yr period. Individual calf blood gas analysis was conducted for parameters of pH, base excess, Na, K, Ca, Cl, glucose, total hemoglobin, HCO, pCO, anion gap, strong ion difference, and hematocrit levels. Regression procedures examined the combined effect of year, farm, age, breed type, sex, and hours postfeeding on each variable. Significant effects were observed for age, sex, and breed type on several of the blood gas variables. Furthermore, year, farm, and hours postfeeding appeared to have less of an influence on neonatal bovine blood gas profiles. Consequently, specific ranges based on the neonate's age, sex, and breed type will allow for more detailed and accurate diagnosis of health and ill health in neonatal calves.

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“…34 The resulting decrease in oxygen release to tissues is counterbalanced by decreased tissue oxygen demand at lower temperatures, and consequently tissue oxygen content appears to be maintained. 35 Studies in neonates and pediatric patients have shown that transcutaneous pulse oximetry measurements remain accurate if the skin temperature is >29 °C or core temperature is>31 °C.…”

Section: Physiologic Effects Of Hypothermiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic and pharmacologic considerations for hypothermia therapy in neonates

2010

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With mounting evidence that hypothermia is neuroprotective in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), an increasing number of centers are offering this therapy. Hypothermia is associated with a wide range of physiologic changes affecting every organ system, and awareness of these effects is essential for optimum patient management. Lowering the core temperature also alters pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of medications commonly used in asphyxiated neonates, necessitating close attention to drug efficacy and side effects. Rewarming introduces additional risks and challenges as the hypothermia-associated physiologic and pharmacologic changes are reversed. In this review we provide an organ system-based assessment of physiologic changes associated with hypothermia. We also summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials showing lack of serious adverse effects of moderate hypothermia therapy in term and near-term newborns with moderate-to-severe HIE. Finally, we review the effects of hypothermia on drug metabolism and clearance based on studies in animal models and human adults, and limited data from neonates.

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Correcting arterial blood gases for temperature: (when) is it clinically significant?

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Age Effects on Blood Gas, Spirometry, Airway Reactivity, and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses

Age Effects on Blood Gas, Spirometry, Airway Reactivity, and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses

Establishing blood gas ranges in healthy bovine neonates differentiated by age, sex, and breed type

Physiologic and pharmacologic considerations for hypothermia therapy in neonates

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