Correction of the tuberous breast deformity in a prepubescent male patient: A surgical approach to an unusual problem

Gorvetzian, Joseph; Funderburk, Christopher D.; Copeland-Halperin, Libby R.; Nigriny, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.jpra.2018.12.008

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Three age distributions have been identified regarding development of gynecomastia, all of which correspond to times of physiologic hormonal change in men. 7 , 10 – 12 The first peak is found in the neonatal period, when an estimated 60%–90% of men develop transient palpable breast tissue secondary to trans-placental passage of estrogen. Neonatal gynecomastia usually regresses by the age of 1 year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Holzmer

Lewis

Landau

et al. 2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Summary: Gynecomastia is a graded condition characterized by enlargement of the male breast that affects a significant proportion of the male population. A plethora of varying surgical approaches currently exists in the literature; thus this comprehensive review sought to analyze surgical practice patterns and trends as they pertain to gynecomastia grade and severity. The current literature was queried utilizing the PubMed and MEDLINE databases—based on predefined parameters and individual review, 17 studies were ultimately included. Key data points included gynecomastia grade, surgical intervention, rate of complication, including hematoma, seroma, infection, and necrosis, and drain use. Two-sample t test was utilized for further analysis. A total of 1112 patients underwent surgical treatment for gynecomastia. Skin-sparing mastectomy with or without liposuction was the most frequently used procedure followed by mastectomy with skin reduction. Major complication rates ranged from 0% to 33%, with hematoma formation being most common (5.8%) followed seroma (2.4%). There was a higher rate of hematoma/seroma formation among authors who routinely utilized drain placement (9.78% versus 8.36%; P = 0.0051); however, this is likely attributable to the large discrepancy in percentage of grade III patients found in each group (50.23% versus 4.36%; P = 0.0000). As a wide variety of surgical techniques exist for the treatment of gynecomastia, an individualized approach based upon gynecomastia grade and patient preference may assist the surgeon in providing optimal outcomes. This senior author’s preferred method for treatment of gynecomastia is illustrated in the included algorithm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Holzmer

Lewis

Landau

et al. 2020

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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“…Furthermore, a complete periareolar incision allows for nipple-areolar-complex reshaping, repositioning and breast mastopexy. 2,14,16,21,[24][25][26] Glandular detachment procedure was also greatly employed in the literature. The procedure involved the complete interruption of retractile fibers connecting muscular and glandular tissue.…”

Section: Surgical Correction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a complete periareolar incision allows for nipple-areolar-complex reshaping, repositioning and breast mastopexy. 2 , 14 , 16 , 21 , 24 – 26 …”

Section: Surgical Correction Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Tuberous Breast Deformity: Developments over the Last 20 Years

Lozito

Vinci

Talerico

et al. 2022

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Tuberous breast (TB) deformity is a condition characterized by alterations in breast morphology and tissue structure with high prevalence in the general population. The literature provides sparse descriptions of TB, as not many investigations on the condition have been conducted. The aim of this review was to analyze and provide a holistic overview on the morphological characteristics of the TB. Methods: A review of current literature was performed using the PubMed database from 2001 to 2021. The key words used for the review included “tuberous breast,” “constricted breast,” and “stenotic breast.” We included articles that analyzed the anatomic and histologic characteristics of TB. Results: From 213 articles, only 42 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 171 articles were excluded, as they were letters, not related to the condition, or were written in a foreign language. The studies in this review drew on hypothesis on the embryological origin of TB and analyzed the composition of TB tissues, consisting in a constricting fibrous ring, made of longitudinally arranged collagen and elastic fibers. Furthermore, the review reports the different anatomical and surgical classifications, as well as the various surgical corrective procedures developed throughout history up to 2021. Conclusion: The review describes all etiological, epidemiologic, anatomical, histological, and surgical characteristics of tuberous breast.

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Percutaneous Intradermal Purse-String closure for Correction of Male Tuberous Nipple-Areola Complex Deformity

Carvajal¹,

Carvajal

2021

Aesth Plast Surg

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Correction of the tuberous breast deformity in a prepubescent male patient: A surgical approach to an unusual problem

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Surgical Management of Gynecomastia: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Review of Tuberous Breast Deformity: Developments over the Last 20 Years

Percutaneous Intradermal Purse-String closure for Correction of Male Tuberous Nipple-Areola Complex Deformity

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