Correction to Photochemistry of trans-Cr(cyclam)(ONO)₂⁺, a Nitric Oxide Precursor

Liposome Encapsulation of a Photochemical NO Precursor for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release and Simultaneous Fluorescence Imaging

“…Such photolysis-generated NO from CrONO is effective in activating soluble guanylyl cyclase and in triggering vasodilation in porcine coronary arterial rings . The CrONO complex does not show any acute toxicity, either alone or with low-intensity blue light exposure . Therefore the CrONO complex is a promising candidate for the controlled delivery of NO for therapeutic applications.…”

“…There has long been interest in nitric oxide owing to its bioregulatory activity in a variety of physiological processes in both normal and disease states. , The effect of NO is dictated by its concentration, where nM concentrations lead to vasorelaxation and higher concentrations up to μM are responsible for tumor suppression. − NO also acts as a sensitizer leading to enhanced cell death when generated with γ-radiation. − For therapeutic NO delivery then, it is critical to be able to control the concentration of NO released in the cell. With the intention of designing stimuli responsive NO releasing complexes for therapeutic applications, we have developed the NO precursor trans- Cr(cyclam)(ONO) 2 + (“CrONO”, cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, see the Supporting Information) and related compounds that release NO only after irradiation with UV or visible light. − Photochemical triggering of such a “caged” bioactive agent provides the ability to control the timing, dosage, and location of the NO release by controlling the timing, intensity, and location of light irradiation. , …”

trans-[Ru(NO)Cl(cyclam)](PF6)2and [Ru(NO)(Hedta)] Incorporated in PLGA Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Nitric Oxide to B16–F10 Cells: Cytotoxicity and Phototoxicity

“…The photochemical release of NO is especially important as far as biological applications are concerned, as happens with photodynamic therapy (PDT), because it introduces a further control by focusing the light beam on the target, light intensity, and time of irradiation. 14,22,34 The energy of irradiation for NO photolabilization in the above nitrosyl complexes (300−350 nm) is not suitable for PDT applications, which normally require irradiation in the therapeutic window (600−1100 nm). 35 Nonetheless, there are some cases were topical irradiation is needed and suffices 36 as in the case of skin melanoma B16−F10 cells, and in these cases, these ruthenium complexes would be suitable.…”

“…The quantum yields of NO release are dependent on the other ligands and on the solution pH, and, as seen, in addition to NO, there is only one other photoproduct, a ruthenium complex, and chloride, in the case of the cyclam complex, but for biological applications, chloride is a not a problem because it is normally present in the human body. The photochemical release of NO is especially important as far as biological applications are concerned, as happens with photodynamic therapy (PDT), because it introduces a further control by focusing the light beam on the target, light intensity, and time of irradiation. ,, The energy of irradiation for NO photolabilization in the above nitrosyl complexes (300–350 nm) is not suitable for PDT applications, which normally require irradiation in the therapeutic window (600–1100 nm) . Nonetheless, there are some cases were topical irradiation is needed and suffices as in the case of skin melanoma B16–F10 cells, and in these cases, these ruthenium complexes would be suitable.…”

Nitric Oxide Uncaging from a Hydrophobic Chromium(III) PhotoNORM: Visible and Near-Infrared Photochemistry in Biocompatible Polymer Disks

“…Excitation at ∼800 nm allows one to avoid the modest absorbance by water at 980 nm, thereby improving NIR transmission depth and reducing potential tissue damage due to heating effects. During the course of the experiments described here, Ostrowski and co-workers 30 reported the NIR-induced release of NO from several polysilicone composites containing the well-studied 44,45 photoNORM trans-[Cr(cyclam)(ONO) 2 ]X ("CrONO", cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraaza-cyclotetradecane, X − = BF 4 − or BPh 4 − ) and UCNPs that are activated by visible and 980 nm excitation.…”