Correlated effects of fluorine and hydrogen in fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature

Morán‐Pedroso, María; Gago, R.; Julin, Jaakko; Salas‐Colera, Eduardo; Jiménez, I.; Andrés, A. de; Prieto, C.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147906

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The spray pyrolysis method is a relatively cost-effective method used in preparing FTO compared to other methods such as pulsed laser deposition, 23 chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 24 sputtering methods, and DC magnetron sputtering. 25,26 Several parameters should be carefully controlled during the preparation of the FTO film by spray pyrolysis to optimize optical and electrical properties. Those are tin-and fluorinedopant concentrations in the precursor solution, the temperature of the glass substrate, gas carrier flow rate, the time between two spray cycles, the distance between the substrate and spray gun, and the type of solvent.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical reactants are selected such that the products, other than the desired compound, are volatile at the deposition temperature. The spray pyrolysis method is a relatively cost-effective method used in preparing FTO compared to other methods such as pulsed laser deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering methods, and DC magnetron sputtering. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with High Surface Conductance and Low Transparency for Boosting Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Kananke Udubokke Rathnayakage,

Bandara,

Wijayaratne

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Transparent conductive oxide films, like fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), are needed for electrochemical devices. FTO films are attractive due to their cost-effectiveness and high-temperature tolerance. Generally, solar cell fabrication requires high transmittance and low-conductivity FTOs. However, achieving both simultaneously poses a fundamental challenge. This study investigates the impact of FTO layer thickness, sheet resistance, transparency, and film morphology on optimizing the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. To achieve this, a precursor solution containing SnCl 4 •5H 2 O and NH 4 F in isopropanol is sprayed onto a soda-lime glass substrate at 500 °C to form FTO films. The film thickness is varied by repeating the spray cycles. By increasing the number of spray cycles, the sheet resistance of the FTO film improves to ∼1.20 Ω □ −1 with the expense of transmittance. The achieved very low sheet resistance of ∼1 Ω □ −1 (∼3.54 × 10 −4 ) Ω cm resistivity for the FTO film confirms the promise of this sequential spray pyrolysis technique in preparing highly conductive inert electrodes for various applications. Furthermore, DSCs with low transparency and sheet resistance showed higher-energy conversion efficiencies, challenging the current prerequisite of the requirement of high transmittance. The best efficiency (5.14%) is achieved with FTO films having a 34.2% transmittance and a 3.27 Ω □ −1 sheet resistance, outperforming standard FTO films (4.74%) with a 10 Ω □ −1 sheet resistance and an ∼83% transmittance. The results indicate that the transparency of FTO is not a dominant factor and carefully controlled light scattering and electrical properties in translucent FTO films would lead to the realization of dye-sensitized solar cells that deliver superior efficiency.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with High Surface Conductance and Low Transparency for Boosting Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Kananke Udubokke Rathnayakage,

Bandara,

Wijayaratne

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…[8] For instance, Morá n-Pedroso et al reported FTO films deposited at room temperature by sputtering in an atmosphere containing H2 with optimized sheet resistance of ∼ 20 Ω/ . [9] Zhu et al [10] obtained minimum resistivity of 8.5 × 10 −3 Ω•cm for FTO films prepared at 150 ∘ C and 300 ∘ C. Wu et al [11] obtained an FTO film with low resistivity of 5.4×10 −3 Ω•cm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interstitial Doping of SnO₂ Film with Li for Indium-Free Transparent Conductor

Chen 陈,

Li 李,

Chen 陈

et al. 2024

Chinese Phys. Lett.

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The SnO2 film exhibits significant potential as a cost-effective and high electron mobility substitute for In2O3 films. In this study, Li is incorporated into the interstitial site of the SnO2 lattice resulting in an exceptionally low resistivity of 2.028 × 10-3 Ω·cm along with a high carrier concentration of 1.398 × 1020 cm-3 and carrier mobility of 22.02 cm2/V·s. Intriguingly, Lii readily forms in amorphous structures but faces challenges in crystalline formations. Furthermore, it has been experimentally confirmed that Lii acts as a shallow donor in SnO2 with an ionization energy ΔED1 of -0.4 eV, indicating spontaneous occurrence of Lii ionization.

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Soft X-ray absorption study of sputtered tin oxide films

Gago

Prucnal

Azpeitia

et al. 2022

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Correlated effects of fluorine and hydrogen in fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with High Surface Conductance and Low Transparency for Boosting Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with High Surface Conductance and Low Transparency for Boosting Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Interstitial Doping of SnO₂ Film with Li for Indium-Free Transparent Conductor

Soft X-ray absorption study of sputtered tin oxide films

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Correlated effects of fluorine and hydrogen in fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) transparent electrodes deposited by sputtering at room temperature

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with High Surface Conductance and Low Transparency for Boosting Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films with High Surface Conductance and Low Transparency for Boosting Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications

Interstitial Doping of SnO2 Film with Li for Indium-Free Transparent Conductor

Soft X-ray absorption study of sputtered tin oxide films

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Interstitial Doping of SnO₂ Film with Li for Indium-Free Transparent Conductor