Correlates of death among SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans: The contribution of lifetime tobacco use

Raines, Amanda M.; Tock, Jamie L.; McGrew, Shelby J.; Ennis, Chelsea R.; Derania, Jessa; Jardak, Christina; Lim, Jennifer H.; Boffa, Joseph W.; Houtsma, Claire; Jones, Kenneth R.; Martin-Klinger, Caitlin; Widmer, Kyle; Schapira, Ralph M.; Zvolensky, Michael J.; Hoerger, Michael; Constans, Joseph I.; Franklin, C. Laurel

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106692

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We excluded the percentage of smokers in the county as the research on smoking and COVID-19 outcomes is mixed (see e.g.,Raines et al 2020; Adrish 2020; Para-Bracamonte 2020) and some have even found an inverse association between smoking and COVID 19(Iyanda et al 2020), which is thought to be related to colliders bias(Griffith et al 2020). 3 State-by-week and housing insecurity-by-week fixed effects are not reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Precarity & the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Utility Disconnection and Eviction Moratoria on Infections and Deaths Across US Counties

Jowers

Timmins

Bhavsar

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the adoption of a number of policies that aim to reduce the spread of the disease by promoting housing stability. Housing precarity, which includes both the risk of eviction and utility disconnections or shut-offs, reduces a person's ability to abide by social distancing orders and comply with hygiene recommendations. Our analysis quantifies the impact of these various economic policies on COVID-19 infection and death rates using panel regression techniques to control for a variety of potential confounders. We find that policies that limit evictions are found to reduce COVID-19 infections by 3.8% and reduce deaths by 11%. Moratoria on utility disconnections reduce COVID-19 infections by 4.4% and mortality rates by 7.4%. Had such policies been in place across all counties (i.e., adopted as federal policy) from early March 2020 through the end of November 2020, our estimated counterfactuals show that policies that limit evictions could have reduced COVID-19 infections by 14.2% and deaths by 40.7%. For moratoria on utility disconnections, COVID-19 infections rates could have been reduced by 8.7% and deaths by 14.8%. Housing precarity policies that prevent eviction and utility disconnections have been effective mechanisms for decreasing both COVID-19 infections and deaths.

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confidence: 99%

Housing Precarity & the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Utility Disconnection and Eviction Moratoria on Infections and Deaths Across US Counties

Jowers

Timmins

Bhavsar

et al. 2021

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“…Amanda et al found a positive relation between lifetime tobacco use and the rate of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, as well as the likelihood of COVID-19 mortality. 22 Social and behavioral risk factors are common in veterans; however, surprisingly in veterans with COVID-19, housing issues, financial difficulty, alcohol use, and substance use were not associated with higher mortality. 23 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

COVID-19 in Veterans: A Narrative Review

Chuang¹,

Tsai²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

RMHP

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Veterans are a special population that has been largely ignored during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Veterans with COVID-19 not only suffered symptoms from the disease but also had a higher risk of further development of in-hospital complications involving multiple organs. This article aims to review the current literature on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome in veterans who contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic, using papers published between January 1, 2020 and August 1, 2021. Forty published papers were considered relevant to this review study. The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused a burden on health-care facilities but also affected the veterans population. Veterans with COVID-19 not only suffered symptoms from the disease but also had a higher risk of further development of in-hospital complications involving multiple organs. The dismal outcome might be attributed to old age and multiple comorbidities among veterans. Symptoms that may be seen in veterans with COVID-19 are comparable to those in the general population with fever, cough, and dyspnea, the most commonly reported. There are several approaches, such as self-assessment tools and virtual or telephone triage strategies, that can initially provide adequate evaluation of the symptoms related to COVID-19 in veterans. Adequate risk stratification could be carried out using the VA COVID-19 (VACO) Index, which predicts the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality after COVID-19 infection. There are several COVID-19 specific treatments that have been given to veterans; however, none of them have been proven to reduce the overall mortality in veterans. The overall mortality rate among veterans showed a declining trend. However, veterans suffering from chronic COVID-19 are at risk of dependence on activities of daily living after recovering from the illness. In summary, veterans are a special population that requires more attention especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…Further, as previously noted, pre-existing medical conditions such as lung, kidney, and cardiovascular diseases were not associated with delirium when accounting for other medical variables. This is somewhat surprising given that these conditions are frequently associated with more severe illness in the context of COVID-19 ( Raines et al, 2021 ); however, delirium is only one of many possible illness severity indicators. Lastly, marital status was not associated with delirium which might suggest that previously established protective factors, such as social support, were of little relevance during a pandemic where family were not allowed at bedside ( Do et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for delirium among SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans

Santos

Nuradin

Joplin

et al. 2022

Psychiatry Research

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There have been increasing reports of atypical neuropsychological symptoms among patients hospitalized with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although numerous pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to account for the association between COVID-19 and delirium, few studies have examined factors associated with its development and none have done so in the context of a veteran sample. The current study exploratorily examined demographic and medical variables that might be associated with delirium among a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans. Demographic and medical data were extracted from the computerized patient records of 162 veterans who were admitted to a large southeastern Veterans Affairs hospital for COVID-19 complications between March 1, 2020 and April 20, 2020. At the zero-order level, age, a history of cardiovascular illness, length of stay, intensive care unit admission, initiation of new dialysis, and the development of new thromboembolic or cardiac findings were associated with delirium. However, when simultaneously examining the impact of these predictor variables in a logistic regression, only length of stay and new cardiac findings increased the odds of delirium. Findings highlight the importance of continued investigation into factors that may account for neuropsychiatric dysfunction among COVID-19 patients.

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Correlates of death among SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans: The contribution of lifetime tobacco use

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Housing Precarity & the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Utility Disconnection and Eviction Moratoria on Infections and Deaths Across US Counties

Housing Precarity & the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Utility Disconnection and Eviction Moratoria on Infections and Deaths Across US Counties

COVID-19 in Veterans: A Narrative Review

Risk factors for delirium among SARS-CoV-2 positive veterans

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