Correlates of sexual dimorphism in primates: Ecological and size variables

Leutenegger, Walter; Cheverud, James M.

doi:10.1007/bf02693740

Cited by 228 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…With this point in mind, we decided to further investigate the data by analyzing the sexes separately. Whereas some previous authors have suggested that papionin males may be better suited for detailing differences in anatomy (51-54), a number of studies commonly suggest that males are more variable in many features (55)(56)(57)(58)(59) and, by extension, probably less valuable in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Instead, many authors commonly use females as the optimal phenotype for interspecific analysis (60,61).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congruence of molecules and morphology using a narrow allometric approach

Gilbert

Rossie

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There are many cases of incongruence between phylogenetic hypotheses produced from morphological data and those produced from molecular data. In such instances, many researchers prefer to accept the results of molecular phylogenies. For example, in a recent analysis of primate phylogenies based on craniodental characters, Collard and Wood [Collard M, Wood BA (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:5003-5006] argued that, because craniodental data do not yield relationships concordant with molecular studies, the results of studies that employ such characters must be considered suspect. As most of our knowledge of mammalian evolution and phylogenetic history comes from craniodental fossils, these results have dramatic implications. However, the aforementioned analysis did not take into account the potentially confounding effects of allometry on quantitative craniodental characters. In this article, we employ a previously undescribed narrow allometric coding method that accounts for such confounding influences in phylogenetic analyses of craniodental morphology. By using essentially the same raw data set as Collard and Wood [Collard M, Wood BA (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:5003-5006], 65 quantitative craniodental characters were adjusted in a parsimony analysis for the primate tribe Papionini, a group of monkeys argued to display extensive homoplasy. The resulting phylogenetic tree was congruent with the phylogenetic tree based on molecular data for these species, thereby meeting the ''criterion of congruence.'' These results suggest that morphological data, when treated properly, can be considered as reliable as molecular data in phylogenetic reconstruction. Rather than accepting phylogenetic hypotheses from one data source over another, cases of incongruence should be examined with greater scrutiny. narrow allometry ͉ character coding ͉ papionins ͉ cladistics ͉ phylogeny

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congruence of molecules and morphology using a narrow allometric approach

Gilbert

Rossie

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…At the population and species level, positive allometry can be proximately manifest, for example, if there are different amounts of genetic variation in males and females and the sex with more additive genetic variation for body size has a stronger evolutionary response to selection (Leutenegger & Cheverud 1982). Similarly, a natural selection gradient (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual selection explains sex-specific growth plasticity and positive allometry for sexual size dimorphism in a reef fish

Walker

McCormick

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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In 1950, Rensch noted that in clades where males are the larger sex, sexual size dimorphism (SSD) tends to be more pronounced in larger species. This fundamental allometric relationship is now known as 'Rensch's rule'. While most researchers attribute Rensch's rule to sexual selection for male size, experimental evidence is lacking. Here, we suggest that ultimate hypotheses for Rensch's rule should also apply to groups of individuals and that individual trait plasticity can be used to test those hypotheses experimentally. Specifically, we show that in the sex-changing fish Parapercis cylindrica, larger males have larger harems with larger females, and that SSD increases with harem size. Thus, sexual selection for male body size is the ultimate cause of sexual size allometry. In addition, we experimentally illustrate a positive relationship between polygyny potential and individual growth rate during sex change from female to male. Thus, sexual selection is the ultimate cause of variation in growth rate, and variation in growth rate is the proximate cause of sexual size allometry. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence in support of the sexual selection hypothesis for Rensch's rule and highlight the potential importance of individual growth modification in the shaping of morphological patterns in Nature.

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“…Others have criticized the use of correlational values derived from measurements on individuals to then make inferences about body size in species (Chown and Gaston, 1997). The last assumption may be particularly problematic because of primate sexual dimorphism and the annual variations in body size that occur in many Malagasy strepsirhines (Atsalis, 1999;Clutton-Brock, 1985;Ganzhorn and Schmid, 1998;Kappeler, 1991;Leutenegger and Cheverud, 1982;Plavcan and van Schaik, 1997;Smith and Cheverud, 2002). Some researchers have questioned the unimodal, right-skewed distribution that is inherent to the OBS model (Jones and Purvis, 1997;Kozlowski, 1996;Lovegrove and Haines, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%