Correlates of Substance Use Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents

Morrell, Holly E. R.; Hilton, Blake T.; Rugless, Kelli L.

doi:10.1007/s11469-018-9971-z

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…These risks present persistent, daily stressors for families ( Schaefer-McDaniel, 2009 ), and accumulation of these risks predicts detrimental health outcomes ( Schaefer-McDaniel, 2009 ; Carroll-Scott et al, 2013 ; Muñoz et al, 2020 ), although less is known about influences on early cognition. Since AI/AN youth as young as 13 years are at higher risk than the general U.S. population for substance use, depression, suicide, and dropping out of school ( Hawkins et al, 2004 ; Mmari et al, 2009 ; Myhra and Wieling, 2014 ; Baldwin et al, 2020 ; Morrell et al, 2020 ), early prevention and intervention efforts are needed. Such efforts include boosting individual resilience factors like children’s executive function (EF) skills, as well as resilience processes already embedded in AI/AN children’s communities like culture and language.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is some literature to suggest that AI/AN families, like others from underserved racial and ethnic groups, face unequal access to high-quality neighborhoods due to systemic injustices such as housing discrimination ( Osypuk et al, 2009 ; Sharkey and Elwert, 2011 ) and forced relocation from traditional lands ( Mmari et al, 2009 ; Burnette and Figley, 2016 ). AI/AN communities are also at greater risk for living in areas with high crime ( Burnette and Figley, 2016 ; Baldwin et al, 2020 ), low access to healthy foods ( Bauer et al, 2012 ), and greater exposure to drugs and other substances ( Morrell et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nurturing resilience in American Indian/Alaska Native preschool children: the role of cultural socialization, executive function, and neighborhood risk

Merculief,

Lipscomb,

McClelland

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children possess numerous cultural assets, yet higher exposures to neighborhood risks (e.g., lack of housing, crime) may present barriers to healthy cognitive development, including executive function (EF). Cultural socialization may promote resilience and support children’s early cognition, but this has not been adequately studied. The present study examined the effects of neighborhood risk and cultural socialization on EF for AI/AN preschool children.MethodParents/caregivers of 768 AI/AN preschoolers from the 2015 AI/AN Head Start Family and Community Experiences (FACES) Study rated neighborhood risk via two scales: “Neighborhood Problems” and “Environmental Conditions,” and cultural socialization practices via two scales: cultural activities and tribal language activities. Children’s EF was measured directly using the Pencil Tap Task and the Leiter-R attention subscale.ResultsFamilies perceived neighborhood risks as relatively low, and overall risk did not predict children’s EF. However, higher average language socialization was significantly related to higher EF, as were two specific language activities (encouraging children to learn their tribal language, making sure children heard their tribal language) and two cultural activities (playing AI/AN games, participating in tribal ceremonies), controlling for neighborhood risk.DiscussionFindings suggest some aspects of cultural socialization may promote resilience among AI/AN preschoolers by supporting early EF. Mechanisms may include increased spiritual, social, and cultural connections, and practice with EF skills during cultural games. Future research should partner with AI/AN communities to investigate culturally grounded EF interventions and reevaluate measures of neighborhood risk to promote resilience and connectedness for AI/AN children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing resilience in American Indian/Alaska Native preschool children: the role of cultural socialization, executive function, and neighborhood risk

Merculief,

Lipscomb,

McClelland

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…These data corroborate an analysis of a historical series of data on alcohol use worldwide that confirms that men are more likely to drink than women (Hannah and Roser 2020). However, in a CTCYS survey conducted in the United States, women were more likely to use inhalants (Morrell et al 2018). In Brazil, there was an increase in the use of alcohol by girls, approaching the standards of boys (IBGE 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of risk factors for the school dominion, low commitment to the school was a significant risk factor for drug use in countries such as Australia (Hemphill et (Morrell et al 2018). These data corroborate other research on school commitment and student health, which indicates that "students with lower academic commitment were more likely to report ever smoking, drinking alcohol, or misbehaving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the community dominion, the literature analysis made a caveat about the protecting factor related to the rewards for prosocial involvement in the community: in a survey conducted in Spain, this factor, when present as a characteristic of teenagers, indicated protection for the drug use (Larrosa and Palomo 2012); on the other hand, in the United States, community rewards for prosocial involvement predicted later drug use, proving to work in the opposite intended direction (Morrell et al 2018). The opportunities and rewards of school for prosocial involvement proved to be an important protective factor for drug use, evidenced in studies in Australia (Bond et al 2005), Spain (Larrosa and Palomo 2012), and Iran (Baheiraei et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk and protective factors for drug use: A scoping review on the Communities That Care Youth Survey

Thurow¹,

Padilha²,

Tiago³

et al. 2020

IJAERS

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Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTCYS) is a survey of risk and protective factors related to psychosocial behaviors, involving four domains: community, school, family, and peer/individual. The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the efficacy of measures of risk and protective factors for drug use by CTCYS, obtained in different cultures and countries, with the aim of cultural adaptation to Brazil. PubMed, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Web of Science were the databases consulted. Besides, we made a consultation with experts in the area and manual search among the references. The study followed the PRISMA protocol. Two reviewers independently undertook the selection and extraction data between January and March 2019, and a third researcher deliberated about the agreements on the process. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, we selected 37 articles. Among the results observed in studies with CTCYS, the pair/individual domain showed the most significant association between risk factors for drug use in several countries: having friends who use drugs or who exhibit antisocial behavior, peer attitudes favorable to use was the highlight. In the other domains, the highest risks were: parenting attitudes favorable to drug use, poor management and family conflict, low commitment to the school, perception of drug availability in the community. The consistency of CTCYS findings in different countries demonstrates the efficacy of this instrument to measure risk and protection against drug use. Therefore, it proved to be a reliable tool for prevention research, which can be used in middle-income countries such as Brazil.

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Applying an Indigenous Connectedness Framework to Examine Environmental Risk and Protective Factors for Urban American Indian Children’s Executive Function Development

Merculief,

Tsethlikai,

Muniz

2024

Behavioral Sciences

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Indigenous frameworks suggest environmental risk and protective factors for American Indian (AI) children’s development can be understood in terms of connecting and disconnecting forces in five domains: spirituality, family, intergenerational ties, community, and environment/land. This study examined the prevalence of these forces among 156 urban AI parents and their children (mean age = 10.69, SD = 1.92) and investigated associations with child executive function (EF). Parents reported on three disconnecting forces (parent stressful life events, discrimination, and neighborhood risks) and two connecting forces (knowledge of tribal history and engagement with cultural beliefs and traditional practices). Parents rated children’s EF using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and a subsample of children (n = 81) provided self-report EF data. Controlling for income and child age, connecting forces (parent engagement with cultural beliefs and traditional practices and knowledge of tribal history) were associated with higher parent-reported and child self-reported EF, while disconnecting forces (discrimination and neighborhood risk) were related to lower child EF. Findings highlight the protective role of cultural connectedness for urban AI children’s cognitive development, and the importance of centering Indigenous theory in risk and resilience research with AI families.

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Correlates of Substance Use Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Nurturing resilience in American Indian/Alaska Native preschool children: the role of cultural socialization, executive function, and neighborhood risk

Nurturing resilience in American Indian/Alaska Native preschool children: the role of cultural socialization, executive function, and neighborhood risk

Risk and protective factors for drug use: A scoping review on the Communities That Care Youth Survey

Applying an Indigenous Connectedness Framework to Examine Environmental Risk and Protective Factors for Urban American Indian Children’s Executive Function Development

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