Correlates of youth violence in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis

Ribera, Olga Sánchez de; Trajtenberg, Nicolás; Shenderovich, Yulia; Murray, Joseph A.

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2019.07.001

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…These risks intensify as the number of ACE increases, which also raises concern over the perpetuation into the future because ACE could be associated with peerviolence perpetration [7]. An extensive body of research has documented this association in high income settings [8,9], but less in known in low and middle income country (LMIC) settings where these harmful exposures are more prevalent [10,11]. One study, designed to develop a measure of ACE for young adolescents across LMICs reported 33% and 46% higher odds of peerviolence perpetration among boys and girls exposed to ACE; the small sample size of adolescents in the 14 sites surveyed prevented a more thorough investigation of the effect of ACE on violence perpetration or the factors that may mitigate this risk [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Our objectives are informed by our proposed conceptual framework (Figure 1) relating experiences of ACE to peerviolence perpetration. We assess if this relationship is mediated or moderated by inequitable gender norm perceptions (as measured by the sexual double standard [SDS] and gender stereotypical trait [GST] scales) (Appendix 1), while accounting for sociodemographic factors, family relations, and substance use found to be related to bullying and violence in previous studies [8,11,22,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Peer-Violence Perpetration, and Gender Norms Among Very Young Adolescents in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ramaiya

Choiriyyah

Heise

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescent Health

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This study assesses the role of gender norms on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and peer-violence perpetration among very young adolescents in three urban poor cities of Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandar Lampung, Denpasar, and Semarang in Indonesia. A total of 2,974 participants (boys: 44.79%, girls: 55.21%) between 10 and 14 years were included in the analysis. Logistic regression, mediation, and moderation analyses were conducted stratified by sex. Results: Risk factors of peer-violence perpetration among boys and girls included three (boys: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32e4.75; girls: aOR 1.82, 95% CI .95 e3.52) and four or more (boys: aOR 6.75, 95% CI 3.86e11.80; girls: aOR 5.37, 95% CI 3.07e9.37) history of ACE. Risk factors of peer-violence perpetration among boys included having inequitable sexual double standard (SDS) indices (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09e1.95). SDS measures the perception boys are rewarded for romantic relationship engagement, whereas girls are stigmatized or disadvantaged for the experience. Other risk factors included lifetime tobacco use among boys and girls and lifetime alcohol use among boys. Protective factors included parental closeness among girls. Conclusions: Based on the research in three Indonesian communities, this study demonstrates that boys are disproportionately exposed to adversities including history of ACE, inequitable SDS, lifetime alcohol use and tobacco use in comparison to girls. Programs targeting ACE and gender norms which engage boys, girls, and families are more likely to be successful in reducing peer- IMPLICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONThis study provides increased evidence for the relationship between peer-violence perpetration and adverse childhood experiences among young adolescents in Indonesia. Although unequal gender norms increase peer-violence perpetration among boys, they do not mediate/ moderate the relationship between adversity and male aggression. Interventions reducing male aggression should be Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Peer-Violence Perpetration, and Gender Norms Among Very Young Adolescents in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ramaiya

Choiriyyah

Heise

et al. 2021

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Understanding risk factors for assault injured youth who present to ECs is a pivotal first step for developing targeted interventions [15] . Youth violence mortality and morbidity is driven by sociodemographic factors and risky behaviors, such as alcohol use, exposure to violence on television, and negative peer pressure [16] . However, youth violence research, focused in EC settings, is typically conducted in high-income countries 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assault-injured youth in the emergency centres of Khayelitsha, South Africa: A prospective study of recidivism and mortality

Leeper

Patel

Lahri

et al. 2021

African Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Introduction Violence is a major cause of death worldwide among youth. The highest mortality rates from youth violence occur in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to identify risk factors for violent re-injury and emergency centre (EC) recidivism among assault-injured youth in South Africa. Methods A prospective follow up study of assault injured youth and controls ages 14–24 presenting for emergency care was conducted in Khayelitsha, South Africa from 2016 to 2018. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were assessed using a questionnaire administered during the index EC visit. The primary outcomes were return EC visit for violent injury or death within 15 months. We used multivariable logistic regression to compute adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of associations between return EC visits and key demographic, social, and behavioral factors among assault-injured youth. Results Our study sample included 320 assault-injured patients and 185 non-assault-injured controls. Of the assault-injured, 80% were male, and the mean age was 20.8 years. The assault-injured youth was more likely to have a return EC visit for violent injury (14%) compared to the control group (3%). The non-assault-injured group had a higher mortality rate (7% vs 3%). All deaths in the control group were due to end-stage HIV or TB-related complications. The strongest risk factors for return EC visit were prior criminal activity (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1–5.1), and current enrollment in school (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0–4.6). Although the assault-injured group reported high rates of binge drinking (73%) at the index visit, this was not found to be a risk factor for violence-related EC recidivism. Discussion Our findings suggest that assault-injured youth in an LMIC setting are at high risk of EC recidivism and several sociodemographic and behavioral factors are associated with increased risk. These findings can inform targeted intervention programs.

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“…The process of socialization of adolescents is largely moving to the Internet (Soldatova et al, 2017). The influence from the virtual space cannot remain without a trace for a teenager (Wachs et al, 2016) A review of world studies suggests the phenomenon of "Youth Violence" (De Ribera et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teenager’s Gender Attitudes Regarding Violence

Dementiy¹

2020

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Correlates of youth violence in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 107 publications

Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Peer-Violence Perpetration, and Gender Norms Among Very Young Adolescents in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Understanding the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Peer-Violence Perpetration, and Gender Norms Among Very Young Adolescents in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Assault-injured youth in the emergency centres of Khayelitsha, South Africa: A prospective study of recidivism and mortality

Teenager’s Gender Attitudes Regarding Violence

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