Correlation between Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and HIV-1 Viral Load Level and CD4 Count in Pregnant Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in N’djamena (Chad)

Abderrazzack, Adoum Fouda; Salou, Mounérou; Patassi, Akouda; Yehadji, Degninou; Améyapoh, Yaovi

doi:10.4236/wja.2015.54033

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…With respect to CD4+ T-cell counts, patients with less than 300cells/mm 3 where more predisposed to UTIs than those who had counts greater than 500cells/mm 3 . This correlates with other studies carried out earlier in the same hospital 5 , and other studies in Tchad 19 , Ethiopia 15 , Bangalore and the Netherlands 14,20 . No relationship, has however, been shown to exist between bacteriuria and CD4+ T-cell counts among HIV-seropositive patients by several other studies carried out in different countries 6,[21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteriuria among HIV-seropositive patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Samje¹,

Yongwa²,

Enekegbe³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: HIV causes a decrease in CD4+ lymphocyte cells count, exposing the individual to infections (urinary tract infections). This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolates among HIV patients. Methods: Clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected from 135 HIV- seropositive patients, cultured on Cystein lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar and incubated at 370C for 24 hours. The modified Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method was used to assess susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Results: The prevalence of bacteriuria was 67.4% (91/135). Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant (42.9%) isolate, followed by Escherichia. coli (24.2%), then Coagulase negative Staphylococci (10.9%). The highest proportion of bacteria was isolated from patients having a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 300 cells/mm3 (39.6%). There was an association between the level of CD4+cell count and bacterial urinary tract infection (P= 0.001). Most sensitive drugs were gentamycin, vanco- mycin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while the drug with the greatest resistance was sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, with Enterococcus and Proteus showing 100% resistance to this drug. Conclusion: Bacteriuria and resistance to commonly used antibiotics is prevalent among HIV/AIDS patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility test is encouraged. Keywords: Bacteriuria; HIV-seropositive patients; susceptibility; CD4+ T-cell.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteriuria among HIV-seropositive patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Samje¹,

Yongwa²,

Enekegbe³

et al. 2020

Afr H. Sci.

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“…In current study, bacterial uropathogens were mainly isolated from HIV patients with a CD4 count of >200 cells/ml. This finding was corroborated with other study conducted in Chad (Abderrazzack et al, 2015 ). There was a significant relationship between CD4+ cell count and UTI ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation of CD4+ count and viral load with urinary tract infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial uropathogens among HIV patients in Wolaita Sodo, South Ethiopia

Hantalo,

Shano,

Meja

2024

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThe permanence of HIV patients in healthcare provision centers exposes their weak immunity to various nosocomial microorganisms that migrate into and out of the hospital environment. The incidence of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infection, was inversely correlated with CD4+ T cells. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the clinical problems among HIV patients. There was scarcity of published data on the relationship between viral load, CD4+ level, and UTI. This study aimed to assess the relationship between viral load and CD4 with bacterial UTI among HIV patients.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wolaita Sodo Town Health Center ART clinic. The socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Patients' charts were reviewed to collect the current CD4 and viral load. Urine specimens were inoculated on blood agar, cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar, and MacConkey agar, and bacterial species were finally identified using various biochemical methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was conducted using standard microbiological tests. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to describe the association between pairs of variables and to examine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables.ResultsIn this study, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) was 13.7%. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were bacterial uropathogens detected in this study. E.coli (45.7%) was the predominant isolate followed by S. aureus (14.3%). Positive correlation between CD4+ count and urinary tract infection was detected and found statistically significant (r = 0.288 p > 0.01), whereas the viral load and urinary tract infection negatively correlated and showed statistically significant association (p < 0.01). The resistance rate of E.coli was 94%, 75%, and 69% to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and cefepime, respectively. This study revealed that E.coli exhibited 94% and 75% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline, respectively. K. pneumoniae demonstrated complete resistance (100%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while showing 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. In the present study, the magnitude of the multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 80%. CD4+ count, combination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs, and a history of hospitalization were risk factors for urinary tract infection.ConclusionIn the current study, urinary tract infection emerged as a significant health concern among people living with HIV following their ART. The occurrence of urinary tract infection among HIV patients could be influenced by multifactorial factors that require further study. The CD4+ count was positively correlated with the prevalence of UTI, whereas the viral load was negatively correlated. The CD4+ count, combination of ART, and history of hospitalization were independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of MDR bacterial pathogens were notably high. Therefore, the treatment of UTI in HIV patients should be prescribed based on antibacterial susceptibility testing results.

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“…For instance, a study in Nigeria noticed that bacteriuria in HIV-infected women was not affected by CD4 counts [37], bacteriuria was not affected by CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm 3 [38], and CD4 cell counts of <200 cells/mm 3 does not affect the occurrence of asymptomatic bacteriuria [39]. Other studies yielded different results in that bacteriuria was found to correlate to CD4 cell counts and/or viral loads [40][41][42]. Bacteriuria may not be affected by CD4 counts because research shows that immunity to UTIs results from complex interactions between host factors and the invading organism.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Correlation Between The Cd4 Counts And The P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

J. Med. Chem. Sci.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a significant problem for the global public health with high morbidity and mortality rates. HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia, the country with the fifth highest risk of HIV/AIDS in Asia, continue to increase. A decrease in CD4 levels indicates an increase in the opportunistic infection rates of HIV patients. In addition, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) can serve as the basis for bacterial infection, infection rate, and antibiotic therapy. This observational analytic study applies a retrospective cross-sectional design and aims to observe the correlation between bacterial and fungal profiles of clinical specimens and the CD4 cell counts and the NLR values of HIV/AIDS inpatients at Dr. Soetomo Tertiary Referral Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. A total of 192 bacterial and fungal identification test results from 76 patients were collected, consisting of 83.3% bacterial culture tests, consisting of 52.5% negative cultures, 12% gene expert TB tests, and 4.7% fungal culture tests. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ESBL were the highest numbers of Gram-negative bacteria found in this study, amounting to 51.33%, followed by Streptococcus viridans, the highest number of Gram-positive bacteria found in this study, amounting to 48.67%. A total of 34.2% commensal bacteria and 21.05% Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) bacteria were also found in this study. The gene expert TB tests resulted in 73.9% undetected M. tuberculosis, while the fungal culture tests resulted in 88.9% Candida albicans. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the bacterial and fungal profiles from clinical specimens with CD4 counts or NLR values in HIV/AIDSinfected patients.

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Correlation between Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and HIV-1 Viral Load Level and CD4 Count in Pregnant Women on Antiretroviral Therapy in N’djamena (Chad)

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteriuria among HIV-seropositive patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteriuria among HIV-seropositive patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon

Correlation of CD4+ count and viral load with urinary tract infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial uropathogens among HIV patients in Wolaita Sodo, South Ethiopia

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