A series of rare earth compound nanotubes, including hydroxides, oxides, oxysulfides, and hydroxyfluorides, have been synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. Owing to their excellent hydrophilicity, the nanotubes can be easily functionalized, and should offer new opportunities in areas such as optoelectronic and nanoscale devices, low dimensional physics and material science, molecular catalysts, and biological technology.