Correlation between echographic gastric emptying and appetite: influence of psyllium.

Abstract

The correlation between ultrasonographic gastric emptying and appetite was studied. Echographic evaluation of gastric emptying by measurement of the antral vertical diameter and assessment of sensations of hunger and satiety using analogue visual scales were performed simultaneously in 12 healthy volunteers. Measurements were carried out after the intake of 10O8 g psyilium or placebo in a randomised, crossover, double blind trial. The correlation between echographic gastric emptying and sensations of hunger and satiety was excellent (p<0.001) after the intake of either psyllium or placebo. Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal. It increased the sensation of satiety and decreased hunger at the sixth hour after the meal. The association between echographic measurement and visual scales is a simple method of evaluating the relationship between the stomach and appetite. The pharmacodynamic effect of psyilium should be confirmed by longterm therapeutic trials. (Gut 1992; 33: 1042-1043 Real time ultrasound is a simple method of measuring gastric emptying which has been validated by previous studies.' Correlated with scintigraphic measurements, it could become the method of choice in evaluating the role of gastric distention in the regulation of appetite and assessing the efficacy of drugs on sensations of hunger and satiety. The Before and after eating the meal and every hour for six hours, the subjects were asked to record hunger sensations on a 100 mm vertical visual analogue scale,24 placing crosses on lines representing ranges from 'not hungry at all' = 0 to 'as hungry as possible'= 100. The satiety sensation was recorded after the meal and every hour for six hours using the same kind of visual analogue scale with 'empty stomach'=0 and 'full'= 100. They were also asked to record the time at which hunger returned. After a seven day washout period, the same measurements were taken under the same conditions after intake of the other treatment being studied. For the six hours after the test meal, the subjects were instructed to remain quiet.Data are expressed as mean (SEM) analysis of variance (ANOVA), a bilateral paired t test and linear correlation coefficients using X-Y pairs were performed for statistical analysis. ResultsThe trial was conducted in nine women and three men with a mean age of 43.2 (4.3) years and a mean weight of 73-3 (1.8) kg (68-85). All weighed at least 10% more than their ideal reference weight (63.0 (1-3) kg).As shown in the Figure, the correlation between the echographic measurements of gastric emptying and the visual analogue scale was excellent. This correlation was observed between gastric emptying and hunger during psyllium intake (R=0.989, p=0.0001) or after placebo (R=0.957, p=0 0007). It was also observed between gastric emptying and satiety during psyllium intake (R=0.987, p=0Q0001) or after placebo (R=0-961, p=0 0006). This study confirmed that the decrease of the sensation of satiety is correlated with the increase of hunger.Comp...

Influence of delaying gastric emptying on meal‐related symptoms in healthy subjects

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A High‐Protein, High‐Fiber Diet Designed for Weight Loss Improves Satiety in Dogs

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Differences in satiety effects of alginate- and whey protein-based foods

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