Correlation between host specificity and genetic diversity for the muscle-dwelling fish parasite Myxobolus pseudodispar: examples of myxozoan host-shift?

Forró, Barbara; Eszterbauer, Edit

doi:10.14411/fp.2016.019

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The present study appears to support the hypothesis that a pronounced potential for parasite diversification exists in hosts that underwent explosive speciation themselves (Gao et al., ; Pariselle, Morand, Deveney, & Pouyaud, ). Parasite diversification is likely fuelled by the high host specificity of myxozoans in their vertebrate hosts and, consequently, a greater possibility for successful host switching to, and radiation among closely related host species, especially sympatric Cypriniformes (Supplementary file ; Forró & Eszterbauer, ; Shin et al., ). Hence, apart from niche specialization in the host (clustering according to organ system) myxozoans clearly show host‐associated diversification mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The joint evolution of the Myxozoa and their alternate hosts: A cnidarian recipe for success and vast biodiversity

et al. 2018

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The relationships between parasites and their hosts are intimate, dynamic and complex; the evolution of one is inevitably linked to the other. Despite multiple origins of parasitism in the Cnidaria, only parasites belonging to the Myxozoa are characterized by a complex life cycle, alternating between fish and invertebrate hosts, as well as by high species diversity. This inspired us to examine the history of adaptive radiations in myxozoans and their hosts by determining the degree of congruence between their phylogenies and by timing the emergence of myxozoan lineages in relation to their hosts. Recent genomic analyses suggested a common origin of Polypodium hydriforme, a cnidarian parasite of acipenseriform fishes, and the Myxozoa, and proposed fish as original hosts for both sister lineages. We demonstrate that the Myxozoa emerged long before fish populated Earth and that phylogenetic congruence with their invertebrate hosts is evident down to the most basal branches of the tree, indicating bryozoans and annelids as original hosts and challenging previous evolutionary hypotheses. We provide evidence that, following invertebrate invasion, fish hosts were acquired multiple times, leading to parallel cospeciation patterns in all major phylogenetic lineages. We identify the acquisition of vertebrate hosts that facilitate alternative transmission and dispersion strategies as reason for the distinct success of the Myxozoa, and identify massive host specification-linked parasite diversification events. The results of this study transform our understanding of the origins and evolution of parasitism in the most basal metazoan parasites known.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The joint evolution of the Myxozoa and their alternate hosts: A cnidarian recipe for success and vast biodiversity

et al. 2018

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“…The intraspecific difference in small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences is up to 5% even if the spore morphology and tissue preference is identical, which raises the possibility that M . pseudodispar is a species complex [ 15 ]. It was originally found to infect the common roach Rutilus rutilus [ 16 ], however, myxospores have been found in common bream Abramis brama , white bream Blicca bjoerkna , rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus , bleak Alburnus alburnus and the European chub Squalius cephalus [ 15 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility-related differences in the quantity of developmental stages of Myxobolus spp. (Myxozoa) in fish blood

et al. 2018

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Here, we investigated the early development of two closely related myxozoan parasites, the highly pathogenic Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of the whirling disease in salmonids, and Myxobolus pseudodispar, a common, non-pathogenic parasite of cyprinids. The aim of our study was to examine under in vivo laboratory conditions whether fish blood is involved in the intrapiscine development of the two parasite species and investigate if there is dissimilarity between the parasite infection intensity in blood and if it varies in terms of host susceptibility and parasite pathogenicity. Highly susceptible, less susceptible and non-susceptible hosts were involved. Blood samples were taken 1 day, 1 week and 1 month post exposure to M. cerebralis and M. pseudodispar, respectively. The prevalence and infection intensity was estimated by parasite-specific quantitative real-time PCR. Although previous findings assumed that M. cerebralis might escape from host immune system by migrating via peripheral nerves, our experimental results demonstrated that M. cerebralis is present in blood during the early stage of intrapiscine development. For the non-pathogenic M. pseudodispar, the highest infection prevalence was found in the original host, common roach Rutilus rutilus, whereas the highest infection intensity was detected in rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus, a “dead-end” host of the parasite. The presence of M. pseudodispar developmental stages in the blood of both susceptible and non-susceptible cyprinids suggests that the susceptibility differences remain hidden during the early stage of infection. Our findings supply further evidence that host specificity is not determined during the early, intrapiscine development involving the vascular system. Furthermore, we found remarkable differences in the infection dynamics of the two parasite species examined, possibly due to their distinct pathogenicity or variations in adaptive capabilities to immune components in host blood.

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“…Despite our study showing some genetic diversity between the sequences obtained here from A. arcasii, P. duriense and those currently available in GenBank for this species, these values were consistent with previous molecular studies that addressed the high intraspecific variability found among different isolates of M. pseudodispar. This myxobolid was recently hypothesized to constitute a cryptic species complex, with genetic diversity explained by host-shift followed by ongoing processes of speciation in secondary hosts, and recombination of different lineages in oligochaete hosts (see [24]).…”

Section: Discussion Characterization and Identification Of The Myxobomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myxobolus pseudodispar is one of the most common muscle-dwelling parasites of leuciscids in Europe, having originally been described from roach Rutilus rutilus, and since then reported from several other species, including rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus, freshwater bream Abramis brama, common bleak Alburnus alburnus, and white bream Blicca bjoerkna [24,54]. All these fish species were introduced into the Iberian Peninsula during the 20th century [28,35], where M. pseudodispar was reported to occur in several organs of the endemic species A. arcasii and P. polylepis, and the native species S. cephalus [10,25].…”

Section: Myxobolid Biodiversity In Endemic Iberian Cypriniformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, M. pseudodispar is further reported from the endemic species P. duriense, therefore adding a new host record to this parasite in the Iberian Peninsula. Despite strict host specificity being frequently reported among myxobolids [6,20,49,52,53,55,57], several species of Myxobolus, including M. pseudodispar, M. bliccae and M. macrocapsularis, have been reported to have hostshifted between members of the cypriniform family Leuciscidae [24,52,57]. Considering this, it is possible that M. pseudodispar was co-introduced into the Iberian Peninsula with different leuciscid hosts on multiple occasions.…”

Section: Myxobolid Biodiversity In Endemic Iberian Cypriniformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and molecular characterization of myxobolids (Cnidaria, Myxozoa) infecting cypriniforms (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) endemic to the Iberian Peninsula

Rocha¹,

Azevedo²,

Alves

et al. 2019

Parasite

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The Iberian Peninsula provides a unique freshwater ecosystem for native and endemic cypriniforms to thrive. Despite cypriniforms being hosts to multiple myxobolids worldwide, little research has been performed in this geographic location. In this study, the examination of three Iberian endemic cypriniforms showed that myxosporean richness in the Iberian Peninsula is underestimated, with three new and one known myxobolid species being reported based on morphological and molecular data (SSU). Myxobolus arcasii n. sp. is described from the kidney and gonads of the “bermejuela” Achondrostoma arcasii, M. duriensis n. sp. from the gills of the Northern straight-mouth nase Pseudochondrostoma duriense, and Thelohanellus paludicus n. sp. from the intestine of the Southern Iberian spined-loach Cobitis paludica. Myxobolus pseudodispar Gorbunova, 1936 is further reported from several organs of P. duriense, and from the spleen of A. arcasii. The occurrence of M. pseudodispar in endemic Iberian species reveals that host-shift followed its co-introduction with central European leuciscids into this geographic location. Several other myxobolids originally described from barbels in central Europe have also been reported from the Iberian endemic cypriniform Luciobarbus bocagei. Nonetheless, except for M. musculi, the identification of these myxobolids in L. bocagei is here shown to be dubious and require molecular confirmation. Phylogenetic analyses reveal M. arcasii n. sp. and M. duriensis n. sp. clustering within different lineages of leuciscid-infecting species, showing that myxobolids entered Leuciscidae as hosts multiple times during their evolution. Constituting the first myxobolid reported from the subfamily Cobitinae, Thelohanellus paludicus n. sp. stands alone in the tree topology.

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Correlation between host specificity and genetic diversity for the muscle-dwelling fish parasite Myxobolus pseudodispar: examples of myxozoan host-shift?

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

The joint evolution of the Myxozoa and their alternate hosts: A cnidarian recipe for success and vast biodiversity

The joint evolution of the Myxozoa and their alternate hosts: A cnidarian recipe for success and vast biodiversity

Susceptibility-related differences in the quantity of developmental stages of Myxobolus spp. (Myxozoa) in fish blood

Morphological and molecular characterization of myxobolids (Cnidaria, Myxozoa) infecting cypriniforms (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) endemic to the Iberian Peninsula

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