Correlation Between Smoking and Passive Smoking with Multiple Sclerosis and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

Wang, Zhaowei; Xie, Jianpin; Wu, Chengyuan; Xiao, Guirong

doi:10.12659/msm.912863

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…It is also suggested that nutritional interventions may provide a better outcome for patients diagnosed with dementia ( Chen et al , 2019 ). Furthermore, the evidence for the direct and possible indirect association between tobacco and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as tobacco and multiple sclerosis, is presented in previous studies ( Campdelacreu, 2014 ; Durazzo et al , 2014 ; Kvistad et al , 2016 ; Moss et al , 2017 ; Marck et al , 2020 ; Wang et al , 2019 ). Also, results from the lab and human research have supported the risk of long-term alcohol use in increasing the risk of epilepsy ( Leach et al , 2012 ; Welch and Derry, 2014 ; Fu et al , 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The health burden of non-communicable neurological disorders in the USA between 1990 and 2017

Bazargan‐Hejazi

Dehghan

Edwards

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

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Abstract In this observational study, using the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Study, we aimed to 1) report the magnitude of health loss due to noncommunicable neurological disorders in the United States in 2017 by sex, age, years, and States, and 2) to identify noncommunicable neurological disorders attributable environmental, metabolic, and behavioral risk factors. We provide estimates of the burden of noncommunicable neurological disorders by reporting disability-adjusted life-years and their trends from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in the US. The non-communicable neurological disorders include migraines, tension-type headaches, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, motor neuron diseases, and other neurological disorders. In 2017, the global burdens of noncommunicable neurological disorders were 1444.41 per 100,000, compared to the United States burden of 1574.0. Migraine was the leading age standardized disability-adjusted life-years 704.7 per 100,000, with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (41.8.7), and epilepsy (123.8) taking the second and third places, respectively. Between 1990 and 2017, the age standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates for aggregate noncommunicable neurological disorders relative to all cause increased by 3.42%. More specifically, this value for motor neuron diseases, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis increase by 20.9, 4%, 2.47.3%, and 1.65, respectively. In 2017, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates for the aggregate noncommunicable neurological disorders was significantly higher in females than the males (1843.5 vs. 1297.3 per 100,000), respectively. The age standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates for migraine were the largest in both females (968.8) and males was (432.5) compared to other individual noncommunicable neurological disorders. In the same year, the leading noncommunicable neurological disorders age standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates among children ≤ 9 was epilepsy (216.4 per 100,000). Among the adults aged 35-60 years it was migraine (5792.0 per 100,000), and among the aged 65 and above was Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (78800.1 per 100,000). High body mass index, smoking, high fasting plasma glaucous, and alcohol use were the attributable age standardized disability-adjusted life-years risks for aggregate, and individual noncommunicable neurological disorders. Despite efforts to decrease the burden of noncommunicable neurological disorders in the US, they continue to burden the health of the population. Children are most vulnerable to epilepsy-related health burden, adolescents and young adults to migraine, and elderly to Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias and epilepsy. In all, the most vulnerable populations to noncommunicable neurological disorders are females, young adults, and the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The health burden of non-communicable neurological disorders in the USA between 1990 and 2017

Bazargan‐Hejazi

Dehghan

Edwards

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

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“…The second factor that contributes to the MS risk in our model was smoking, known as one of the most established environmental risk factors related to MS, not only in its susceptibility but also in its clinical severity [ 13 ]. Because the patients included in this study were matched by age with the controls and they had relatively short disease duration, we believe that there was no temporal difference between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking, even by passive exposure, has recently been clearly associated with a increased risk of MS [ 13 ]. A dose-dependent response has been found both in smoking duration and in the number of cigarettes smoked, independently contributing to the increased risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis

Hurtado-Guerrero

Hernández

Oliver-Martos

et al. 2020

JCM

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Environmental and genetic factors are assumed to be necessary for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), however its interactions are still unclear. For this reason here, we have not only analyzed the impact on increased risk of MS of the best known factors (HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele, sun exposure, vitamin D levels, smoking habit), but we have included another factor (skin phototype) that has not been analyzed in depth until now. This study included 149 MS patients and 147 controls. A multivariate logistic regression (LR) model was carried out to determine the impact of each of the factors on the increased risk of MS. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate predictive value of the models. Our multifactorial LR model of susceptibility showed that females with light brown skin (LBS), smokers and who had HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele had a higher MS risk (LBS: OR = 5.90, IC95% = 2.39–15.45; smoker: OR = 4.52, IC95% = 2.69–7.72; presence of HLA-DRB1*15:01: OR = 2.39, IC95% = 1.30–4.50; female: OR = 1.88, IC95% = 1.08–3.30). This model had an acceptable discriminant value with an Area Under a Curve AUC of 0.76 (0.69–0.82). Our study indicates that MS risk is determined by complex interactions between sex, environmental factors, and genotype where the milieu could provide the enabling proinflammatory environment that drives an autoimmune attack against myelin by self-reactive lymphocytes.

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“…Environmental factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking have been confirmed to be associated with MS; however, the mechanisms by which such variants influence disease pathophysiology are still unclear. 1-21 Several theories have been previously proposed; herein, the author proposes a new theory linked to microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. In this review, the author explores the influence of environmental variants on the miRNA network that could affect MS pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis

Mohammed

2020

J Cent Nerv Syst Dis

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients’ quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review argues that small noncoding RNA named microRNA (miRNA) influences these factors’ mode of action. Dysregulation in the miRNAs network may deeply impact cellular hemostasis, thereby possibly resulting in MS pathogenicity. This article represents a literature review and an author’s theory of how environmental factors may induce dysregulations in the miRNAs network, which could ultimately affect MS pathogenicity.

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Correlation Between Smoking and Passive Smoking with Multiple Sclerosis and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 102 publications

The health burden of non-communicable neurological disorders in the USA between 1990 and 2017

The health burden of non-communicable neurological disorders in the USA between 1990 and 2017

Skin Phototype Could Be a Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis

Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis

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