Correlation between specific plasmids and δ-endotoxin production in Bacillus thuringiensis

González, J. M.; Dulmage, Howard T.; Carlton, Bruce C.

doi:10.1016/0147-619x(81)90010-x

Cited by 226 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It has long been recognized that the proteins comprising the parasporal Cry toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, an insecticidal, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, are generally encoded by large plasmids (Gonzalez et al, 1981; for review see Schnepf et al, 1998). Nothing is known so far about toxins expressed by P. l. larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical characterization of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, a honey bee bacterial pathogen

Neuendorf

Hedtke

Tangen³

et al. 2004

Microbiology

109

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Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (P. l. larvae) is the aetiological agent of American foulbrood (AFB), the most virulent bacterial disease of honey bee brood worldwide. In many countries AFB is a notifiable disease since it is highly contagious, in most cases incurable and able to kill affected colonies. Genotyping of field isolates of P. l. larvae revealed at least four genotypes (AB, Ab, ab and aB) present in Germany which are genotypically different from the reference strain DSM 7030. Therefore, based on these data, five different genotypes of P. l. larvae are now identified with genotype AB standing out with a characteristic brown-orange and circled two-coloured colony morphology. Analysing the metabolic profiles of three German genotypes (AB, Ab and ab) as well as of the reference strain using the Biolog system, a characteristic biochemical fingerprint could be obtained for each strain. Cluster analysis showed that while genotypes Ab, ab and the reference strain DSM 7030 are rather similar, genotype AB is clearly different from the others. Analysis of all isolates for plasmid DNA revealed two different plasmids present only in isolates belonging to genotype AB. Therefore, genotype AB is remarkable in all aspects analysed so far. Future analysis will show whether or not these differences will expand to differences in virulence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical characterization of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, a honey bee bacterial pathogen

Neuendorf

Hedtke

Tangen³

et al. 2004

Microbiology

109

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“…kurstaki, with activities against the Spodoptera frugiperda lepidopteran. The cry genes so far described are present on large (>30 MDa) plasmids (10,22,25,32) that can harbour one or several delta-endotoxin genes. B. thuringiensis kurstaki contains multiple protoxin genes confined on few plasmids.…”

Section: Genetic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraordinary diversity of B. thuringiensis strains and toxins is, at least in part, due to a high degree of genetic plasticity. Most cry genes, which code for these toxins, reside on large (>30 MDa) plasmids (10,22,25) that can harbour one or several delta-endotoxin genes, with some being conjugative in nature (23). This plasticity is further enhanced by mobile elements, often found flanking cry genes (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strain highly active to sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Gitahy¹,

De-Souza²,

Monnerat³

et al. 2007

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The control of the major sugarcane pest, Diatraea saccharalis, is limited by the stem location of the caterpillar. As part of a long-term project towards the development of an alternative and efficient delivery system of Cry proteins to control the sugarcane borer, the current work describes the selection and characterization of a Brazilian B. thuringiensis strain with prominent activity towards D. saccharalis. Strain S76 was eleven-fold more active than the HD-1 Lepidoptera-standard strain, as estimated by the LC50 of 13.06 µg/L and 143.88 µg/ L, respectively. We observed bipiramidal and cuboidal crystals similar to those found in other B. thuringiensis strains with entomopathogenic activity against Lepidoptera and Diptera. In addition, smaller and spherical crystalline inclusions were also observed. The plasmid profile of strain S76 is similar to that of HD-1. PCR amplifications of S76 DNA using cry specific primers confirmed the presence of cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry2Aa1, and cry2Ab2, but not cry1Ad, cry2Ac and cry9 type genes. No differences that could explain the superior activity of S76 when compared to HD-1, the Lepidoptera standard strain, were observed. Nevertheless, its higher entomopathogenic activity has pointed this strain S76 as a potential source of cry genes to control sugarcane borer, an important pest that affects sugarcane, a crop that occupies a planted area of about 6 million ha in Brazil.

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“…The genes encoding ICPs have been localized to large (>30-MDa) plasmids (14,15), and various ICP genes have been cloned and characterized (for a review, see reference 20). Generally, the sequences of genes encoding proteins active on different orders of insects are not well conserved.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a novel insecticidal crystal protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai

et al. 1991

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Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai EG6346, a novel grain dust isolate, was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization for its insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) gene profile. Strain EG6346 lacks previously characterized cryIA ICP genes yet does possess novel cryI-related gene sequences. A recombinant genomic plasmid library was constructed for strain EG6346 in Escherichia coli. One recombinant plasmid, pEG640, isolated from the library contained a novel ICP gene on a 5.7-kb Sau3A insert. The sequence of this gene, designated cryIF, was related to, but distinct from, the published sequences for other cryI genes. A second novel cryI-related sequence was also located on pEG640, approximately 500 bp downstream from cryIF. Introduction of cryIF into a Cry- B. thuringiensis recipient strain via electroporation enabled sufficient production of CryIF protein for quantitative bioassay analyses of insecticidal specificity. The CryIF crystal protein was selectively toxic to a subset of lepidopteran insects tested, including the larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis and Spodoptera exigua.

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Correlation between specific plasmids and δ-endotoxin production in Bacillus thuringiensis

Cited by 226 publications

References 15 publications

Biochemical characterization of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, a honey bee bacterial pathogen

Biochemical characterization of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, a honey bee bacterial pathogen

A Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strain highly active to sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Isolation and characterization of a novel insecticidal crystal protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai

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