Correlation Between Traumatic Brain Injuries and Callus Formation in Long bone Fractures

Ravi, Praveen; Nageswaran, Jambu; Ramanujam, Muthumanickam; Suriyakumar, Sundar; Nambi, Elancheral Ayanambakkam

doi:10.1007/s43465-021-00594-0

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, the callus-to-femoral diaphysis ratio is greater in head injury patients as assessed by radiographs [ 72 , 73 , 74 •, 75 ]. Patients with TBI concomitant to fracture can have greater callus volume than fracture-only counterparts [ 76 ]. When these phenomena were investigated on a cellular level, it has been shown that serum of patients with TBI can result in higher proliferation rates of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells and expression of OB mRNA differentiation markers [ 73 ].…”

Section: The Effects Of Central Nervous System Injury On Fracture Hea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Not Lose Your Nerve, Be Callus: Insights Into Neural Regulation of Fracture Healing

Nazzal,

Morris,

Parker

et al. 2024

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Purpose of Review Fractures are a prominent form of traumatic injury and shall continue to be for the foreseeable future. While the inflammatory response and the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment play significant roles in fracture healing, the nervous system is also an important player in regulating bone healing. Recent Findings Considerable evidence demonstrates a role for nervous system regulation of fracture healing in a setting of traumatic injury to the brain. Although many of the impacts of the nervous system on fracture healing are positive, pain mediated by the nervous system can have detrimental effects on mobilization and quality of life. Summary Understanding the role the nervous system plays in fracture healing is vital to understanding fracture healing as a whole and improving quality of life post-injury. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.

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Section: The Effects Of Central Nervous System Injury On Fracture Hea...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Not Lose Your Nerve, Be Callus: Insights Into Neural Regulation of Fracture Healing

Nazzal,

Morris,

Parker

et al. 2024

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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show abstract

“…Indeed, the severity of TBI, as measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), has been found to correlate with the volume of callus formed [ 77 ]; however, clinical correlations are inconsistent between elements like the intensity of the cerebral trauma, the nature of the intracranial bleed, and patient sex with the pace of bone recuperation or the magnitude of ultimate callus development [ 78 ]. Humoral factors, including growth hormone, IL-6, and prolactin, are elevated in patients with TBI and may contribute to enhanced osteogenesis and more pronounced callus formation [ 77 ]. These factors could be potential targets for therapeutic interventions to enhance fracture healing in patients with TBI.…”

Section: Central Nervous System Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Neurologic System in Fracture Healing: An Extensive Review

Parker,

Nazzal,

Morris

et al. 2024

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Purpose of Review Despite advances in orthopedics, there remains a need for therapeutics to hasten fracture healing. However, little focus is given to the role the nervous system plays in regulating fracture healing. This paucity of information has led to an incomplete understanding of fracture healing and has limited the development of fracture therapies that integrate the importance of the nervous system. This review seeks to illuminate the integral roles that the nervous system plays in fracture healing. Recent Findings Preclinical studies explored several methodologies for ablating peripheral nerves to demonstrate ablation-induced deficits in fracture healing. Conversely, activation of peripheral nerves via the use of dorsal root ganglion electrical stimulation enhanced fracture healing via calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Investigations into TLR-4, TrkB agonists, and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression provide valuable insights into molecular pathways influencing bone mesenchymal stem cells and fracture repair. Finally, there is continued research into the connections between pain and fracture healing with findings suggesting that anti-NGF may be able to block pain without affecting healing. Summary This review underscores the critical roles of the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) in fracture healing, emphasizing their influence on bone cells, neuropeptide release, and endochondral ossification. The use of TBI models contributes to understanding neural regulation, though the complex influence of TBI on fracture healing requires further exploration. The review concludes by addressing the neural connection to fracture pain. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.

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“…Accelerated fracture healing was observed after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients whose serum concentrations of BMP-2, FGF-2, IL-1β, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were increased ( 87 ). Furthermore, GH, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prolactin levels were elevated in TBI patients who had increased callus formation ( 88 ). In TBI patients, the time to callus formation was also shortened ( 89 ).…”

Section: Pharmacologic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to accelerate fracture healing – a narrative review from a clinical perspective

Ganse

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Bone regeneration is a complex pathophysiological process determined by molecular, cellular, and biomechanical factors, including immune cells and growth factors. Fracture healing usually takes several weeks to months, during which patients are frequently immobilized and unable to work. As immobilization is associated with negative health and socioeconomic effects, it would be desirable if fracture healing could be accelerated and the healing time shortened. However, interventions for this purpose are not yet part of current clinical treatment guidelines, and there has never been a comprehensive review specifically on this topic. Therefore, this narrative review provides an overview of the available clinical evidence on methods that accelerate fracture healing, with a focus on clinical applicability in healthy patients without bone disease. The most promising methods identified are the application of axial micromovement, electromagnetic stimulation with electromagnetic fields and direct electric currents, as well as the administration of growth factors and parathyroid hormone. Some interventions have been shown to reduce the healing time by up to 20 to 30%, potentially equivalent to several weeks. As a combination of methods could decrease the healing time even further than one method alone, especially if their mechanisms of action differ, clinical studies in human patients are needed to assess the individual and combined effects on healing progress. Studies are also necessary to determine the ideal settings for the interventions, i.e., optimal frequencies, intensities, and exposure times throughout the separate healing phases. More clinical research is also desirable to create an evidence base for clinical guidelines. To make it easier to conduct these investigations, the development of new methods that allow better quantification of fracture-healing progress and speed in human patients is needed.

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Correlation Between Traumatic Brain Injuries and Callus Formation in Long bone Fractures

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Do Not Lose Your Nerve, Be Callus: Insights Into Neural Regulation of Fracture Healing

Do Not Lose Your Nerve, Be Callus: Insights Into Neural Regulation of Fracture Healing

Role of the Neurologic System in Fracture Healing: An Extensive Review

Methods to accelerate fracture healing – a narrative review from a clinical perspective

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