Correlation of antibody titres induced by vaccination with protection in mouse typhoid

Xu, Hong-Ru; Hsu, H. S.; Moncure, Charles W.; King, R.A.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(93)90256-w

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Preexisting antibodies against Salmonella reduce murine bacteremia by preventing early infection [34]. Protection induced by heat-killed salmonellae correlates with anti- Salmonella antibody titers [35], with SBA attributable to anti-LPS antibodies [29] and with binding of Salmonella -specific antibodies. These facilitate the development of T-cell immunity by enhancing bacterial uptake through opsonization and also antigen presentation by macrophages [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Acquisition of T Cells and Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Malawian Children

Nyirenda

Gilchrist

Feasey

et al. 2014

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background. Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) remain a prominent cause of bacteremia in sub-Saharan Africa. Complement-fixing antibodies to STm develop by 2 years of age. We hypothesized that STm-specific CD4+ T cells develop alongside this process.Methods. Eighty healthy Malawian children aged 0–60 months were recruited. STm-specific CD4+ T cells producing interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 2 were quantified using intracellular cytokine staining. Antibodies to STm were measured by serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay, and anti-STm immunoglobulin G antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. Between 2006 and 2011, STm bacteremias were detected in 449 children <5 years old. STm-specific CD4+ T cells were acquired in infancy, peaked at 14 months, and then declined. STm-specific SBA was detectable in newborns, declined in the first 8 months, and then increased to a peak at age 35 months. Acquisition of SBA correlated with acquisition of anti–STm–lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunoglobulin G (r = 0.329 [95% confidence interval, .552–.062]; P = .01) but not anti–STm–outer membrane protein or anti–STm-flagellar protein (FliC).Conclusions. Acquisition of STm-specific CD4+ T cells in early childhood is consistent with early exposure to STm or cross-reactive protein antigens priming this T-cell development. STm-specific CD4+ T cells seem insufficient to protect against invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, but sequential acquisition of SBA to STm LPS is associated with a decline in its incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Acquisition of T Cells and Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Malawian Children

Nyirenda

Gilchrist

Feasey

et al. 2014

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…With the re-infection type of Histopathology in mouse typhoid 189 challenge, the secondary lesions are highly effective in terminating the infection by a synergistic action of acquired humoral immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity. In contrast, the protective immunity offered by nonviable vaccines is related to the level of antibody at the time of challenge (Xu et al 1993a). The opsonic function of antibody undoubtedly facilitates the effective elimination of the pathogen by the infiltrating inflammatory phagocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative histopathology in mouse typhoid among genetically diverse mice

Moncure

Guo²,

Xu³

et al. 1998

Int J Experimental Path

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Genetically resistant CBA and A/J mice and susceptible BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were challenged with either an identical infective dose or a minimal lethal dose of Salmonella typhimurium. The histopathological progression of the disease was examined in tissue sections prepared by the JB-4 Plus resin embedding method and compared between the resistant and susceptible mice. In a fatal disease, the lesions in both animal hosts began with focal abscesses within the first three days post infection. Mononuclear cell infiltration started by day 4 and transformed the lesions into granulomata. Well-formed granulomata were evident by day 7 and persisted in sublethally infected resistant mice. Massive bacterial proliferation and extensive tissue degeneration marked the terminal stage of a lethal challenge. There were no distinguishable features that would identify the tissue response to infection in a resistant host from a susceptible one, except that the lesions in the sublethally infected resistant mice advanced slower and were discrete and self-limiting.

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“…S. Typhi polysaccharide vaccines that produce T cell-independent antibody induce protection in humans (19). Limited information on prototype NTS vaccines and their antibody responses is available in humans, but in mice, protection induced by heat-killed salmonellae correlates with anti-Salmonella antibody titer (20). Adoptive transfer studies have found that optimal protection against Salmonella in mice is conferred by antibody and T cells (21,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children

et al. 2008

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Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella (NTS) are a common cause of bacteremia among African children. Cellmediated immune responses control intracellular infection, but they do not protect against extracellular growth of NTS in the blood. We investigated whether antibody protects against NTS bacteremia in Malawian children, because we found this condition mainly occurs before 2 years of age, with relative sparing of infants younger than 4 months old. Sera from all healthy Malawian children tested aged more than 16 months contained anti-Salmonella antibody and successfully killed NTS. Killing was mediated by complement membrane attack complex and not augmented in the presence of blood leukocytes. Sera from most healthy children less than 16 months old lacked NTS-specific antibody, and sera lacking antibody did not kill NTS despite normal complement function. Addition of Salmonella-specific antibody, but not mannose-binding lectin, enabled NTS killing. All NTS strains tested had long-chain lipopolysaccharide and the rck gene, features that resist direct complement-mediated killing. Disruption of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis enabled killing of NTS by serum lacking Salmonella-specific antibody. We conclude that Salmonella-specific antibody that overcomes the complement resistance of NTS develops by 2 years of life in Malawian children. This finding and the age-incidence of NTS bacteremia suggest that antibody protects against NTS bacteremia and support the development of vaccines against NTS that induce protective antibody.

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Correlation of antibody titres induced by vaccination with protection in mouse typhoid

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Sequential Acquisition of T Cells and Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Malawian Children

Sequential Acquisition of T Cells and Antibodies to Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Malawian Children

Comparative histopathology in mouse typhoid among genetically diverse mice

The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children

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