Correlation of Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Expression in Tumor-Free Surgical Margin and at the Invasive Front of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Background. The beta-2 adrenergic receptor is expressed by neoplastic cells and is correlated with a wide spectrum of tumor cell mechanisms including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. Objectives. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in tumor-free surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and at the invasive front. Sixty-two patients diagnosed with OSCC, confirmed by biopsy, were selected for the study. The clinicopathological data and clinical follow-up were obtained from medical records and their association with β2-AR expression was verified by the chi-square test or Fischer's exact test. To verify the correlation of β2-AR expression in tumor-free surgical margins and at the invasive front of OSCCs, Pearson's correlation coefficient test was applied. Results. The expression of β2-AR presented a statistically significant correlation between the tumor-free surgical margins and the invasive front of OSCC (r = 0.383; p = 0.002). The immunohistochemical distribution of β2-AR at the invasive front of OSCC was also statistically significant associated with alcohol (p = 0.038), simultaneous alcohol and tobacco consumption (p = 0.010), and T stage (p = 0.014). Conclusions. The correlation of β2-AR expression in OSCC and tumor-free surgical margins suggests a role of this receptor in tumor progression and its expression in normal oral epithelium seems to be constitutive.

Role of Immunohistochemical Markers in Surgical Margins of Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma – A Systematic Review

“…Only one study [10] was at low risk of bias, three studies [8,11,14] were at moderate risk of bias and three studies [9,12,13] had serious risk of bias. The studies with serious risk mostly had missing data which questions the quality of these studies.…”

“…The main characteristics of the eligible studies are summarized in table 1. The total number of patients was 269, three articles were from Asian [1,11,12], and five were from non-Asian ethnicity [8,9,10,13,14]. Four studies composed of OSCC [10,[12][13][14], one study compose of OSCC with Oropharynx SCC [8] and three composed of HNSCC [1,9,11] patients.…”

“…The total number of patients was 269, three articles were from Asian [1,11,12], and five were from non-Asian ethnicity [8,9,10,13,14]. Four studies composed of OSCC [10,[12][13][14], one study compose of OSCC with Oropharynx SCC [8] and three composed of HNSCC [1,9,11] patients. All analyzed histopathologically negative surgical margin specimens and immunohistochemistry was used as detection method.…”

“…E-cadherin was used in one study at a dilution of 1:50 and it stained nuclei and cell membrane brown [13]. One study used Beta-2 adrenergic receptor at 1:50 dilution which stained plasma membrane and cytoplasm brown [14]. Vascular smooth muscle was taken as internal control for the antibody.…”

“…Twenty negative surgical margins were evaluated for BSP amongst which thirteen were positive for antibody and nine patients had recurrence [10]. Beta-2-adrenergic receptor was used to evaluate sixtytwo tumor free surgical margins amongst that fifty confirmed positive expression for the antibody and twenty-six patients had recurrence [14].…”