Correlation of etho-social and psycho-social data from “Mars-500” interplanetary simulation

Tafforin, Carole; Vinokhodova, A. G.; Chekalina, Angelina; Gushin, Vadim

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.02.005

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There was one exception to this: time together increased sharply at certain points for a team at Concordia station. These instances could have been the result of significant events at the station during those periods (Tafforin et al, 2015). It is important to note that we included shorter-duration missions to avoid an arbitrary cut off and to observe changes over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Know About Team Dynamics for Long-Distance Space Missions: A Systematic Review of Analog Research

2019

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Background: To anticipate the dynamics of future long-distance space exploration mission (LDSEM) teams, research is conducted in analog environments (e.g., Antarctic expeditions, space chamber simulations), or environments that share key contextual features of LDSEM such as isolation and confinement. We conducted a systematic review of research conducted on teams in LDSEM-analog environments to identify which factors have been examined with quantitative research, and to summarize what the studies reveal about team dynamics in LDSEM-analog environments. Methods: We used a comprehensive search strategy to identify research on teams that lived and worked together. Data on team dynamics were extracted where possible, and sources were coded for key contextual features. The data did not lend themselves to traditional meta-analysis. We used two approaches to summarize the data: a weighted averages approach when the study reported enough data to calculate an effect size, and descriptive figures when data across studies were directly comparable. Results: Seventy-two sources met our inclusion criteria, yielding 253 effect sizes and 1,150 data points. Results from our weighted averages approach suggested that the team cohesion and performance relationship may be operating differently in isolated and confined environments than other teams that lived and worked together (e.g., military teams), and that, given the available data, we can say very little about the magnitude and direction of the relationship. Our descriptive figures revealed important trends: (a) team members in longer missions generally spent less social time together than shorter missions; (b) consistent team efficiency over time was typical, whereas decreased team efficiency over time was atypical; (c) by 40% of mission completion or 90 days, all teams reported at least one conflict, (d) commanders' written communication with mission control decreased in length over time, and (e) team mood dynamics did not consistently support the third-quarter phenomenon. Conclusions: There are inherent limitations to our study, given the nature of the analog research (e.g., correlational studies, small sample size). Even so, our systematic review provides key insights into team dynamics in LDSEM-analog environments. We discuss the implications of our research for managing future space crews. Importantly, we also provide guidance for future research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What We Know About Team Dynamics for Long-Distance Space Missions: A Systematic Review of Analog Research

2019

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“…A meta-analysis showed that a team members' average emotional stability had a small to medium effect on team performance (Bell, 2007). This result is reflective of the more limited findings of spaceflight analog research, such as data from the Mars 500 simulation, in which greater anxiety was related to more negative interpersonal communications and interactions (Tafforin, Vinokhodova, Chekalina, & Gushin, 2015). Other findings related to the fivefactor model of personality in spaceflight research and analog studies suggest that there is no one "perfect" scoring pattern for an individual; that is, successful astronauts have a range of scores, and cohesive teams may be comprised of individuals with complementary scores from this pool of well-selected astronauts.…”

Section: Jamie D Barrettmentioning

confidence: 89%

Teamwork and collaboration in long-duration space missions: Going to extremes.

Landon

Slack

Barrett

2018

American Psychologist

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The scientific study of teamwork in the context of spaceflight has uncovered a considerable amount of knowledge over the past 20 years. Although much is known about the underlying factors and processes of teamwork, much is left to be discovered for teams who will be operating in extreme isolation and confinement during a future Mars mission. Special considerations must be made to enhance teamwork and team well-being for multi-year missions during which the small team will live and work together. We discuss the unique challenges of effective teamwork in a Mars mission scenario, and the difficulties of studying teamwork using analogs of the space environment. We then describe the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's current practices and research on teamwork, which includes team selection and composition, teamwork training, countermeasures to mitigate risks to effective team performance, and the measurement and monitoring of team functioning. We end with a discussion of the teamwork research areas that are most critical for a successful journey to Mars. (PsycINFO Database Record

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“…53 During space missions, prolonged and severe isolation seems to correlate with the onset of reduced resilience, apathy, boredom, depression and anxiety, and declines in initiative, general activity and desire. 54,55 Several psychosomatic symptoms have Accepted Manuscript: Authors' Copy been also described amongst astronauts during missions, such as headaches, gastroenteric problems, genitourinary symptoms, and fear of illness. [56][57][58] The issue of asthenia as a problematic syndrome during space missions is quite common, but still unresolved.…”

Section: Psychopathological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space missions: psychological and psychopathological issues

et al. 2021

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Exploring space is one of the most attractive goals that humanity ever set, notwithstanding, there are some psychological and psychopathological risks that should be considered. Several studies identified some possible hazards of space travels and related physical and psychological consequences on astronauts. If some psychological reactions are obviously inherent to the characteristics of the spaceships (habitability, confinement, psychological, and interpersonal relationships), other (disturbances of sleep-wake cycle, personality changes, depression, anxiety, apathy, psychosomatic symptoms, neurovestibular problems, alterations in cognitive function, and sensory perception) represent a clear warning of possible central nervous system (CNS) alterations, possibly due to microgravity and cosmic radiation. Such conditions and eventual CNS changes might compromise the success of missions and the ability to cope with unexpected events and may lead to individual and long-term impairments. Therefore, further studies are needed, perhaps, requiring the birth of a novel branch of psychology/psychiatry that should not only consider the risks related to space exploration, but the implementation of targeted strategies to prevent them.

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Correlation of etho-social and psycho-social data from “Mars-500” interplanetary simulation

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

What We Know About Team Dynamics for Long-Distance Space Missions: A Systematic Review of Analog Research

What We Know About Team Dynamics for Long-Distance Space Missions: A Systematic Review of Analog Research

Teamwork and collaboration in long-duration space missions: Going to extremes.

Space missions: psychological and psychopathological issues

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