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Humans rely on plants for their survival in a multitude of ways. Plants provide nutritive value to organisms throughout the food chain and support a life-sustaining atmosphere. The idea that plants provide non-nutritive value is less established. In this paper, we will outline a variety of ways in which plants have been shown to have positive (nonnutritive) impacts on humans such that the potential application of plants as a countermeasure for diffi culties experienced by humans living in isolated or extreme environments is established and evaluated. A literature review on the topic of the non-nutritive benefi ts of plants is drawn from a wide variety of disciplines; a framework is offered to organize and provide structure for addressing the potential of plants to serve as effective countermeasures in isolated/extreme environments.

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