Correlation of foodstuffs with ethanol–water mixtures with regard to the solubility of migrants from food contact materials

Seiler, Annika; Bach, Aurélie; Driffield, Malcolm; Losada, Perfecto Paseiro; Mercea, P.; Toşa, V.; Franz, Roland

doi:10.1080/19440049.2014.880518

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The model we developed, eq (9), to estimate K P,F as a function of the chemical K ow and the food's assigned ethanol-equivalency, EtOH-eq, also had good agreement with the empirical data (R 2 =0.81) which are limited to LDPE and HDPE polymers. The approach is M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 33 similar to other models (Seiler et al 2014), however, we additionally provide the equation to support application in future uses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-throughput migration modelling for estimating exposure to chemicals in food packaging in screening and prioritization tools

Ernstoff

Fantke

Huang

2017

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Specialty software and simplified models are often used to estimate migration of potentially toxic chemicals from packaging into food. Current models, however, are not suitable for emerging applications in decision-support tools, e.g. in Life Cycle Assessment and risk-based screening and prioritization, which require rapid computation of accurate estimates for diverse scenarios. To fulfil this need, we develop an accurate and rapid (high-throughput) model that estimates the fraction of organic chemicals migrating from polymeric packaging materials into foods. Several hundred step-wise simulations optimised the model coefficients to cover a range of user-defined scenarios (e.g. temperature). The developed model, operationalised in a spreadsheet for future dissemination, nearly instantaneously estimates chemical migration, and has improved performance over commonly used model simplifications. When using measured diffusion coefficients the model accurately predicted (R = 0.9, standard error (S) = 0.5) hundreds of empirical data points for various scenarios. Diffusion coefficient modelling, which determines the speed of chemical transfer from package to food, was a major contributor to uncertainty and dramatically decreased model performance (R = 0.4, S = 1). In all, this study provides a rapid migration modelling approach to estimate exposure to chemicals in food packaging for emerging screening and prioritization approaches.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We build on more recent empirical work by Ozaki et al 2010 correlating K P,F with a range of chemical log K ow s and across a range of food EtOH-eqs. The FACET project (Seiler et al 2014) (Mercea 2008). We assigned these 13 different foods to EtOH-eq according to SI Table S2.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput migration modelling for estimating exposure to chemicals in food packaging in screening and prioritization tools

Ernstoff

Fantke

Huang

2017

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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“…ethanol 10%, ethanol 50%, ethanol 95% and vegetable oil) the log-log relationship was determined experimentally (Ozaki et al 2010). More refined log-log relationships including allocation to individual food groups were developed in the EU-Project "FACET -FP7-KBBE 211686" (Seiler et al 2014).…”

Section: Partition Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated use food contact materials: A categorisation approach in support of risk assessment

Brandsch¹,

Schuster²

2020

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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The current migration assessment requirements regarding safety of plastic food contact materials in Europe (e.g. kitchen utensils, kitchen appliances, packaging, etc.) widely rely on migration testing. According to Annexe V of Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 migration testing requirements consider the specificities of repeated use applications only to a limited extent. Repeated use food contact materials should be tested for three consecutive times at the worst-case contact time and temperature. If diffusion controlled, the migration decreases with increasing number of repeated uses. Compared to single use applications, repeated use food contact materials typically exhibit much shorter contact times, much lower ratios of surface in contact with a given amount of food, and in some cases higher temperatures. Compared to real use, in many cases highly overestimated migration testing result are observed. Overestimation by testing at the beginning of use may be coupled with underestimation at later times. National legislation of the Netherlands on food contact materials has established a classification for repeated use rubber materials based on the R-value indicating whether migration testing is required or not. The R-value considers in more detail specificities of repeated use applications. This publication investigates to which extent it is possible to apply the approach to plastics food contact materials in Europe. It is practically impossible to perform migration tests for various materials by putting them many times in contact with food over a long period of time, typically several years, at several temperatures and areas to food amount ratios migration. Modelling has therefore been used to predict migration from various food contact materials under different repeated use scenarios. Realistic diffusion properties of materials and migrant partitioning behaviour have been assumed to minimise the risk of underestimation.

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“…One of 513 the objectives of the FACET project (Flavours, Additives and food Contact material Exposure Task) 514 (Oldring et al, 2014) was to expand this approach and develop methods to estimate K pf for a wider 515 range of ethanol food simulants. However, the results of this work (Seiler et al, 2014) are only 516 summarized in a figure, whereas the data or linear correlations required for modeling have to our 517 knowledge neither been made available via Seiler et al (Seiler et al, 2014) nor via the FACET software. 518…”

Section: Key Parameters and Data Availability 487mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional challenge identified and addressed within the FACET project (Oldring et al, 2014) is to 519 assign the appropriate ethanol equivalency for various food items, for example according to their fat 520 content or texture (Seiler et al, 2014). 521…”

Section: Key Parameters and Data Availability 487mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products

Huang

Ernstoff

Fantke

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Exposure to chemicals in consumer products has been gaining increasing attention, with multiple studies showing that near-field exposures from products is high compared to far-field exposures. Regarding the numerous chemical-product combinations, there is a need for an overarching review of models able to quantify the multiple transfers of chemicals from products used near-field to humans. The present review therefore aims at an in-depth overview of modeling approaches for near-field chemical release and human exposure pathways associated with consumer products. It focuses on lower-tier, mechanistic models suitable for life cycle assessments (LCA), chemical alternative assessment (CAA) and high-throughput screening risk assessment (HTS). Chemicals in a product enter the near-field via a defined "compartment of entry", are transformed or transferred to adjacent compartments, and eventually end in a "human receptor compartment". We first focus on models of physical mass transfers from the product to 'near-field' compartments. For transfers of chemicals from article interior, adequate modeling of in-article diffusion and of partitioning between article surface and air/skin/food is key. Modeling volatilization and subsequent transfer to the outdoor is crucial for transfers of chemicals used in the inner space of appliances, on object surfaces or directly emitted to indoor air. For transfers from skin surface, models need to reflect the competition between dermal permeation, volatilization and fraction washed-off. We then focus on transfers from the 'near-field' to 'human' compartments, defined as respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and epidermis, for which good estimates of air concentrations, non-dietary ingestion parameters and skin permeation are essential, respectively. We critically characterize for each exposure pathway the ability of models to estimate near-field transfers and to best inform LCA, CAA and HTS, summarizing the main characteristics of the potentially best-suited models. This review identifies large knowledge gaps for several near-field pathways and suggests research needs and future directions.

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Correlation of foodstuffs with ethanol–water mixtures with regard to the solubility of migrants from food contact materials

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

High-throughput migration modelling for estimating exposure to chemicals in food packaging in screening and prioritization tools

High-throughput migration modelling for estimating exposure to chemicals in food packaging in screening and prioritization tools

Repeated use food contact materials: A categorisation approach in support of risk assessment

A review of models for near-field exposure pathways of chemicals in consumer products

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