Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase suppressor genes RECK, VEGF, and CD105 with angiogenesis and biological behavior in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

AIM:To explore the expression of reversion inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin (CD105) protein and its correlation with occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS:Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of RECK and VEGF in 62 cases of ESCC, 31 cases of adjacent atypical hyperplastic epithelium and 62 cases of normal esophageal epithelium. CD105 Mb was used to assess microvessel density (MVD). RESULTS:T h e e x p r e s s i o n o f R E C K w a s c l o s e l y correlated with histological grade, infiltrative depth and lymphatic metastasis in ESCC (P < 0.05). The expression of RECK decreased during cancer development: normal esophageal epithelium (85.5%, 53/62), adjacent atypical hyperplastic epithelium (71.0%, 22/31), and carcinoma (59.7%, 37/62). There was a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF protein was closely correlated with infiltrative depth and lymphatic metastasis in ESCC (P < 0.05). The expression of VEGF protein increased during cancer development: normal esophageal epithelium (29.0%, 18/62), adjacent atypical hyperplastic epithelium (54.8%, 17/31), and carcinoma (67.7%, 42/62). There was a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). MVDCD105 increased in accordance with histological grade, but there was no significant difference (grade Ⅰ, 36.92 ± 10.85; grade Ⅱ, 37.65 ± 9.50; and grade Ⅲ, 38.06 ± 12.19). The MVDCD105 was closely correlated with infiltration and lymphatic metastasis in ESCC (P < 0.05). The expression of RECK was inversely correlated with the expression of VEGF and CD105.

Reconsideration of the clinical and histopathological significance of angiogenesis in prostate cancer: Usefulness and limitations of microvessel density measurement

“…It is expressed in endothelial cells and is recognized as a reliable marker of endothelial cell proliferation in cancer tissues. 41 Therefore, CD105 is used for MVD counting in various types of cancer tissues. [42][43][44] In contrast, there are few reports on the clinical significance and pathological roles of MVD measured by CD105-positive vessels in prostate cancer tissues.…”

Identification of an invasion and tumor‐suppressing gene, Endoglin (ENG), silenced by both epigenetic inactivation and allelic loss in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…A relationship between ENG expression and the tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage has also been reported 25. In esophageal cancer, expression of endothelial ENG in tumor tissues is closely related to lymphatic metastasis26 and patient survival 27. In addition, the overexpression of ENG inhibited cell migration of mouse fibroblasts28 and prostatic cancer cells21, 29 and suppressed the tumorigenicity of mouse spindle carcinoma cells 30.…”

Angiogenesis in Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Magnifying Endoscopic Observation and Molecular Analysis

“…22 Endoglin/CD105 is well acknowledged as being the most reliable marker of endothelial cell proliferation, and is overexpressed on tumor vessels. 23 Kubota et al mentioned that CD105-positive vessels were already present in esophagitis and low-grade dysplasia, and that CD105-positive MVD in high-grade dysplasia was significantly increased in comparison with low-grade dysplasia. These newly recruited capillaries are similar to adjacent modified IPCL in shape.…”

“…counted the microvessel density (MVD) of lugol‐unstained lesions with non‐dysplastic epithelium (esophagitis), and low‐grade and high‐grade dysplasia of the squamous epithelium 22 . Endoglin/CD105 is well acknowledged as being the most reliable marker of endothelial cell proliferation, and is overexpressed on tumor vessels 23 . Kubota et al .…”