Correlation of Occupational Exposure to Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (cPAHs) and Blood Levels of p53 and p21 Proteins

Saleh, Saleh A. K.; Adly, Heba M.; AlJahdali, Imad A; Khafagy, Abdullah A

doi:10.3390/biom12020260

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Saleh et al [ 10 ] assessed differences in the PAHs, including B[ a ]P concentrations, in samples of air inhaled by occupationally exposed and nonexposed groups inhabited in Makkah (Saudi Arabia). They detected B[ a ]P in the mean concentration of 0.082 ± 0.032 ng/m 3 in occupationally exposed workers (bus and truck drivers, police officers, etc.…”

Section: Occupational Exposure To Pahs Including B[ a ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Bukowska

Mokra

Michałowicz

2022

IJMS

184

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Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. It is present in cigarette smoke as well as in food products, especially when smoked and grilled. Human exposure to B[a]P is therefore common. Research shows growing evidence concerning toxic effects induced by this substance. This xenobiotic is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) to carcinogenic metabolite: 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), which creates DNA adducts, causing mutations and malignant transformations. Moreover, B[a]P is epigenotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic, and exhibits pro-oxidative potential and causes impairment of animals’ fertility. CYP P450 is strongly involved in B[a]P metabolism, and it is simultaneously expressed as a result of the association of B[a]P with aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), playing an essential role in the cancerogenic potential of various xenobiotics. In turn, polymorphism of CYP P450 genes determines the sensitivity of the organism to B[a]P. It was also observed that B[a]P facilitates the multiplication of viruses, which may be an additional problem with the widespread COVID-19 pandemic. Based on publications mainly from 2017 to 2022, this paper presents the occurrence of B[a]P in various environmental compartments and human surroundings, shows the exposure of humans to this substance, and describes the mechanisms of its toxicity.

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Section: Occupational Exposure To Pahs Including B[ a ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Bukowska

Mokra

Michałowicz

2022

IJMS

184

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“…Another study conducted in Saudi Arabia on professional workers during the Hajj season to appreciate the effect of intense exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the cancer biomarker proteins p53 and p21 discovered a positive engagement between short-term PAHs exposure and blood concentrations of p53 and p21. 27 In another study, carried out by Yu et al 28 to explore the influence of prolonged exposure to PAHs on cellular processes occurring in mouse lung fibroblasts (mLFCs), this study concluded that long-term exposure to B a A and B a P increased the protein expression levels of p53 and p21. In most cell types examined, p53 is a short-lived nucleoprotein with a half-life of 5-20 minute.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of pollution represented by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the levels of p53 and some antioxidant enzymes in Baghdad traffic police

Salem¹,

Al-Wasiti

Hasan

2022

J. Contemp. Med. Sci.

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Objectives: To ascertain the protective effect of p53 tumor protein by monitoring its levels in comparison with the levels of antioxidant enzymes, against any type of cancer that can be caused by chronic exposure of traffic policemen to air pollutants. Methods: This study comprises 140 participants, who have been divided into two groups (Traffic police and Office police). PAHs were analyzed for each participant by GC/FID while p53 protein and antioxidant enzymes were measured by the ELISA technique. Results: The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and p53 tumor protein were high in the blood of traffic police compared to office police, while higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase and G-Px) were observed in the blood of office police. Conclusion: Exposure to PAHs can cause oxidative stress, which can damage DNA and lead to cancer. However, because natural endogenous biomolecules like p53 protein can neutralize PAHs' carcinogenic effects, their elevation has a beneficial anti-cancer effect by reducing oxidative stress and preventing tumorigenesis.

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“…These results agree with results from another study conducted in Makkah within the same period evaluating different types of PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene. These PAHs were measured in contaminated ambient air and ranged from 6.34 to 37.4 ng/m3, and tumor markers levels were measured in blood serum [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Adly¹,

Saleh²

2022

Cureus

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Introduction: Exposure to occupational polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is correlated with several adverse effects on human health, including bladder, lung, and skin cancer. The correlation between PAH exposure and oxidative stress and tumor markers needs to be further explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the effect of acute exposure to PAHs on oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers during the Hajj season in Makkah. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 workers during Hajj; 60 workers were employed in the open air for ≥eight hours/day, exposed them to high levels of considerable traffic and huge crowds, and 45 workers served as our control group who were unexposed and working in a rural area. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we analyzed participants' urinary 1-hydroxypyrene to determine PAH levels. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed in serum using a spectrophotometer. The serum p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to calculate multivariate logistic regression analysis for oxidative stress and tumor markers such as age, working period, and smoking status risk factors. Additionally, we evaluated associations between oxidative stress and tumor markers. Results: The mean levels of MDA, GST, and LDH were significantly elevated in exposed workers compared to the control group (p<.001). Also, p53 and p21 protein levels were significantly higher in the occupationally exposed group than in the unexposed control group (p<0.05). No significant correlation between age and increased levels of p53 and p21 was found. Conclusions: In our study, PAH exposure is significantly correlated with higher levels of oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers. The evaluation of oxidative stress and tumor marker indicators can efficiently identify workers at high risk of PAH exposure and may assist in preventing future health concerns. More biomarkers should be included in other longitudinal studies to address exposure related to different health risks among workers, especially cancer risk. More prospective studies are required to validate diagnostic utilities and efficiencies of different biomarker combinations.

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Correlation of Occupational Exposure to Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (cPAHs) and Blood Levels of p53 and p21 Proteins

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Effect of pollution represented by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the levels of p53 and some antioxidant enzymes in Baghdad traffic police

The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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