Correlation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Patients and its Association with CD4 Count

Abstract

INTRODUCTION-HIV/AIDS pandemic is responsible for the resurgence of Tuberculosis worldwide, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Co-infection with HIV infection leads to difficulty in both the diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis, increased risk of death, treatment failure and relapse. OBJECTIVE-The present study highlights the correlation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV positive cases and its association with CD 4 count. MATERIAL & METHODS-A total of 72 known case of HIV were screened for tuberculosis infection by clinical examination, radiology & ZN staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS-From our study 60 (83.33%) were diagnosed as tuberculosis and 12 (16.67%) were negative. More common HIV infection in case of male 48 (66.67%). Out of 60 tuberculosis infection 53 (88.33%) were diagnosed as Pulmonary Tuberculosis and 7 (11.67%) were diagnosed as Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. The result of study emphasizes that co-infection of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patient is a concern. There is direct correlation between CD 4 counts depletion and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients.

Evaluation of CD4 Cell Count and its Associating Factors - In HIV-TB Co-Infection

“…This may be because of the reason that the male has to migrate for occupation and stay away from spouse for a longer period. Yasmin et al, (2016) and Siddeswari et al, (2016), in which there were 60.38%&60% cases respectively, as there is decrease in CD4 cell count there is increase in opportunistic infections. In our study, age group had a significant association.…”

Recent Advances in Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A Review

“…[7][8][9][10] Recommendations stemming from these groups have been incorporated into TDR's (Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases) strategic plan for TB diagnostics research, and a targeted diagnostics research agenda aims at stopping TB, with a Partnership second Global Plan to stop TB implemented during 2006-2015. [11] Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have been closely linked [14] since the emergence of AIDS and both diseases is a major public health challenge. It is estimated that 60-70% of HIV positive persons will develop tuberculosis in their lifetime.…”

“…[13] HIV/AIDS pandemic is responsible for the reappearance of Tuberculosis which results increase in morbidity and mortality rate. [14] Co-infection with HIV leads to difficulty in both the diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis, increased risk of death, treatment failure and relapse. [14] Patients with complaints of pyrexia, weight loss, anorexia, frequency, urgency in urine and complicated renal cyst may be tubercular etiology.…”

“…[14] Co-infection with HIV leads to difficulty in both the diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis, increased risk of death, treatment failure and relapse. [14] Patients with complaints of pyrexia, weight loss, anorexia, frequency, urgency in urine and complicated renal cyst may be tubercular etiology. [15] Multiplex PCR method will detect in less number of infectious mycobacteria present in clinical specimens and hence the treatment will be started after the diagnosis and detection of mycobacterium.…”

Association between Blood Group Antigens, CD4 Cell Count and Haemoglobin Electrophoretic Pattern in HIV Infection

“…Also CD4 + can be used to estimate the proportion of malaria that is attributable to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [30] and its depletion has also been observed to have a direct correlation with pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients [31] . CD4 + cells orchestrate the immune response to attack by HIV, but HIV invades CD4 + cells and uses them to replicate itself.…”