Correlation of Salivary Cytokine Il-17a and 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract

BACKGROUND The management of malocclusion has developed greatly in terms of treatment simulation and biomechanics, but treatment duration has been a great concern to the clinician as well as the patient. Vitamin D stimulates both osteoclasts and osteoblasts and was found to be the most significant in Orthodontic Tooth Movement acceleration. Inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A also play an important role in osteoclastogenesis and enhances the rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement. AIM To perform a simultaneous evaluation of pro inflammatory salivary cytokine IL-17A and salivary vitamin D3 and to correlate their role on orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among n = 97 patients . Saliva samples were collected from the patients at three phases of the orthodontic treatment, centrifuged and stored at 4℃ for evaluation of salivary Vitamin D3 levels and Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A using ELISA. RESULTS The mean salivary VitaminD3 levels were 41.250ng/ml, 33.246 ng/ml and 35.043ng/ml during the initial phase, lag phase and log phase of orthodontic treatment. The mean pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 A levels were 107.79 pg/ml , 102.98pg/ml and 66.156 pg/ml during the initial phase, lag phase and log phase of orthodontic treatment. There was a correlation between salivary vitamin D3 level and salivary cytokine IL-17A levels during the various phases of orthodontic treatment using Spearman’s correlation rho test and linear regression analysis. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) between vitamin D3 levels and gender during the various phases( initial phase, lag phase and log phase)of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION Vitamin D3 and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A was found to have a definite role in the osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. Thus, the Vitamin D3 levels have been quantified during the various phases of orthodontic treatment and this can be used clinically for the supplementation of Vitamin D in patients with low vitamin D levels and can enhance the treatment duration for the patient with less damaging effects to the surrounding tissues.