Correlation of the aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and levels of IL-6 and VEGF with diabetic retinopathy status

Abstract

We aimed to compare the aqueous humor total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and levels of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor between patients with diabetic retinopathy and controls and to correlate these levels with the DR status. Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery were enrolled. The first group (control group) comprised patients without diabetes; the second group comprised diabetic patients without retinopathy; the third group comprised patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; and the fourth group comprised patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent full ophthalmologic examination before cataract surgery. Prior to surgery, samples of aqueous humor sampling were obtained and stored at-80 °C. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and levels interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated in these samples and correlated with diabetic retinopathy status. Results: This study analyzed 86 pairs of eyes of 86 patients. All groups were statistically similar in age and sex, but the total antioxidant capacity was lowest in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, the total oxidant status and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 were found to slightly increase according to the retinopathy status. Conclusion: Oxidative stress, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the aqueous humor seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, especially in the proliferative type.

Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and antioxidative stress levels in patients with diabetic macular edema and hyperreflective spots

“…15 Bozkurt et al reported similar results in an aqueous study. 19 Similarly, in this study, there was no difference of TAS in group-2 and group-3. However, in patients with DME with HRN (group-1), TAS was statistically significantly higher than isolated DM patients (group-3).…”

Analysis of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity and its correlation with corneal endothelial health

“…Exclusion criteria included glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, infectious ocular diseases, shallow anterior chamber, branch retinal vein occlusion, pterygium, Sjogren's disease, corneal transplant status, and postoperation status. These underlying ocular diseases and conditions were considered to either influence TAC or interfere with ECD measurement 11‐15 . A flow diagram for subject recruitment is presented in Supporting Information Figure S1.…”

“…Diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, infectious ocular diseases, shallow anterior chamber, branch retinal vein occlusion, pterygium, and Sjogren's disease may all lead to increased oxidative stress and subsequent dysfunction among CEC. [11][12][13][14][15][16] It should also be noted that ocular surgery, especially cataract surgery, is an important risk factor for CEC loss and subsequent corneal blindness. 17 For this reason, preoperative ECD evaluation is important and recommended.…”

“…measurement. [11][12][13][14][15] A flow diagram for subject recruitment is presented in Supplementary Figure 1. In brief, among the 205 patients who received aqueous humor aspiration before eye surgery, 173 were included in this study.…”

A Review on Third Eye

“…Model: -our extremely next neighbor 'The Mars' we can see the strong evidence of presence of water on that planet yet been a littler planet when contrasted with the Earth it cools quicker, its center quits moving bringing about the loss of the planets attractive field. When the attractive shield vanishes, the sun based breezes makes the water to bubble lastly dissipates into the space leaving the planet a dead bundle of residue [3]. The equivalent can be the situation with our space make.…”