Correlation of the Cambrian formations of North America.

Howell, B. F.; Bridge, Josiah; Deiss, Charles; Edwards, Ira; Lochman, Christina; Raasch, Gilbert O.; Resser, Charles Elmer; Duncan, Donald Cave; Mason, John Frederick; Denson, N.M.

doi:10.1130/gsab-55-993

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…3). (Howell ., 1944) et al (Ludvigsen & Westrop, 1985) South China (Saltzman et al, 2000;Peng et al, 2004) Nevada, USA (Saltzman et al, 1998;Saltzman et al, 2000;Peng et al, 2004) Kazakhstan (Saltzman et al, 2000;Peng et al, 2004) 13 C (carb.) Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Furongian (late Cambrian) Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in Avalonia

Woods

Wilby

Leng

et al. 2011

JGS

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The Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) of earliest late Cambrian (Furongian) age is identified in England. The excursion is found within a ca 145 m thick siliciclastic succession within the middle and higher part of the Outwoods Shale Formation of Warwickshire, and reaches a maximum δ 13 C org amplitude of 4.1‰ at values of -25.6‰. Biostratigraphical data show that the excursion occupies the greater part of the Olenus trilobite biozone, an equivalent of the Glyptagnostus reticulatus biozone that marks the base of the Furongian and coeval base of the Steptoean in North America. The amplitude of the excursion approaches that recorded in limestonedominated Laurentian successions, and is greater than that recently documented for organic-rich mudstones of palaeocontinental Baltica in southern Sweden. A minor positive excursion above the SPICE may equate with a similar excursion recognised in Siberia. The SPICE in the Outwoods Shale Formation seems closely linked to the widely recognised early Furongian eustatic sea level rise. There is no evidence in the English succession for slightly later regression, elsewhere considered coincident with the peak of the excursion and pivotal to some previous models explaining the SPICE.Keywords: Cambrian, Furongian, carbon isotope excursion, England, Avalonia Late Cambrian (Furongian) carbonate successions in many parts of the world (North America, Argentina, Siberia, Kazakhstan, China, Australia) contain an interval of markedly positive δ 13 C carb values, peaking at +5‰ (Saltzman et al., 2000;Kouchinsky et al., 2008). More recently, the same positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) has been identified in organic-rich mudstones of the Alum Shale Formation in southern Sweden, where δ 13 C org peak values are around -28‰ (with a maximum amplitude of around 2‰) (Ahlberg et al., 2009). This CIE, first recognised in the late Cambrian of North America by Brasier (1993) and confirmed as a global CIE by Saltzman et al. (1995), is termed the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) (Saltzman et al., 1998). We report here the occurrence of the SPICE in the Cambrian of central England, the first record in an Avalonian succession. The palaeogeographic setting of these mid-shelf clastic deposits contrasts with 1 areas where the SPICE has previously been identified (e.g. shallow carbonate shelf in North America; shallow, dysoxic-anoxic shelf in southern Sweden). This contrasting setting provides an opportunity to critically assess the likely driving mechanism(s) that created this global isotopic excursion.The SPICE is believed to have had a duration of about 4 Ma (Saltzman et al., 1998), although 3 Ma is probably a better estimate based on dates recently published by Peng and Babcock (2008). In common with other positive CIEs in the geological record, one interpretation of the SPICE is attributed to increased burial of organic carbon, that is enriched in isotopically light 12 C thus increasing the 13 C pool in the oceans. However, terrestrial weathering impacts relate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Furongian (late Cambrian) Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in Avalonia

Woods

Wilby

Leng

et al. 2011

JGS

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“…At first glance, the range of the genus would appear to be from the Cedaria zone to the Aphelaspis zone of the standard early Upper Cambrian faunal succession (Howell and others, 1944) because the oldest population of Glyptagnostus is associated with the type species of Cedaria at Woodstock, Ala., and the youngest population is associated with Aphelaspis and Angulotreta at Cherry Creek, Nev. However, the section at McGill, Nev., provides evidence to indicate that such appearances might be misleading.…”

Section: Stratigraphic Significance Of Glyptagnostusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyptagnostus and associated trilobites in the United States

Palmer¹

1962

Professional Paper

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“…Kocks of Cambrian age overlie the Precambrian in the Uinta Mountains and in the Grand Canyon, whereas rocks of Permian age rest upon the Precambrian on the Defiance uplift. Arizona (Bass, 1944(Bass, , 1950Howell and others, 1944;McKee, 1945;McKee, 1951;and Noble, 1914) and (2) along the flanks of the Uinta Mountains (Atwood, 1909;Baker and others, 1949;Crittenden, 1950;and Weeks, F. B., 1907). Kocks of Cambrian age are also exposed adjacent to the Colorado Flaieau in the San Juan Mountains region of southwestern Colorado (Cross and Larsen, 1935) and in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah (Howell and others, 1944;Atwood, 1909 Rocks of Ordovician age have been tentatively recognized in deep drill holes and in exposures along the northeast margin of the Colorado Plateau and in Glenwood Canyon, Colo.…”

Section: Precambrian Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of elements in sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Plateau - a preliminary report

Newman¹

1962

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Correlation of the Cambrian formations of North America.

Cited by 47 publications

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The Furongian (late Cambrian) Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in Avalonia

The Furongian (late Cambrian) Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in Avalonia

Glyptagnostus and associated trilobites in the United States

Distribution of elements in sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Plateau - a preliminary report

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